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Excretion in Animals
Excretion in animals
Excretion, the process by which animals rid themselves of waste products and of the nitrogenous by-products of metabolism. Through excretion organisms control osmotic pressure—the balance between inorganic ions and water—and maintain acid-base balance. The process thus promotes homeostasis, the constancy of the organism’s internal environment. Every organism, from the smallest protist to the largest mammal, must rid itself of the potentially harmful by-products of its own vital activities.
Circulatory System
Chapter 11: Transportation in Animals and Plants
Transportation in Animals and Plants. All the organisms need to transport water, food, minerals, oxygen to different parts of the body. They help in the growth and respiration of the cells. The waste products are transported to the excretory organs for elimination from the body.
Circulatory system
The blood circulatory system, is a system of organs that includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood which is circulated throughout the entire body of a human or other vertebrate. It includes the cardiovascular system, or vascular system, that consists of the heart and blood vessels (from Greek kardia meaning heart, and from Latin vascula meaning vessels). The circulatory system has two divisions, a systemic circulation or circuit, and a pulmonary circulation or circuit.[3] Some sources use the terms cardiovascular system and vascular system interchangeably with the circulatory system.
Transport of Substances in Plants
Transport of substance in plants
Plants have two transport systems – xylem and phloem. Xylem transports water and minerals. Phloem transports sugars and amino acids dissolved in water. The xylem transports water and minerals from the roots up the plant stem and into the leaves. In a mature flowering plant or tree, most of the cells that make up the xylem are specialised cells called vessels. Vessels: lose their end walls so the xylem forms a continuous, hollow tube. This allows water to flow easily.
Become strengthened by a chemical called lignin. The cells are no longer alive. Lignin gives strength and support to the vessel.
