1 IMPORTANCE OF CHEMISTRY

CHAPTER-1 SOME BASIC CONCEPT OF CHEMISTRY

DEFFINATION OF CHEMISTRY: Chemistry is the science of molecules and their transformations. It is the science not so much of the one hundred elements but of the infinite variety of molecules that may be built from them.
IMPORTANCE OF CHEMISTRY:
Chemistry has a direct impact on our life and has wide range of applications in different fields. These are given below:
(A) In Agriculture and Food:
(i) It has provided chemical fertilizers such as urea, calcium phosphate, sodium nitrate, ammonium phosphate etc.
(ii) It has helped to protect the crops from insects and harmful bacteria, by the use  of certain effective insecticides, fungicides and pesticides.
(iii) The use of preservatives has helped to preserve food products like jam, butter, squashes etc. for longer periods.
(B) In Health and Sanitation:
(i) It has provided mankind with a large number of life-saving drugs. Today, dysentery and pneumonia are curable due to discovery of sulpha drugs and penicillin life-saving drugs. Cisplatin and Taxol have been found to be very effective for cancer therapy and AZT (Azido thymidine) is used for AIDS victims.
(ii) Disinfectants such as phenol are used to kill the micro-organisms present in drains, toilet, floors etc.
(iii) A low concentration of chlorine i.e., 0.2 to 0.4 parts per million (ppm) is used  for sterilization of water to make it fit for drinking purposes.
(C) Saving the Environment:
The rapid industrialisation all over the world has resulted in lot of pollution.
Poisonous gases and chemicals are being constantly released in the atmosphere. They are polluting environment at an alarming rate. Scientists are working day and night to develop substitutes which may cause lower pollution. For example, CNG (Compressed Natural Gas), a substitute of petrol, is very effective in checking pollution caused by automobiles.
(D) Application in Industry:
Chemistry has played an important role in developing many industrially ^ manufactured fertilizers, alkalis, acids, salts, dyes, polymers, drugs, soaps,
detergents, metal alloys and other inorganic and organic chemicals including new materials contribute in a big way to the national economy.

Chapter 1:

SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY

DEVELOPMENT OF CHEMISTRY

Very early chemists were typically intended principally for the accomplishment of a selected goal or product. Creating fragrances and soaps didn't need abundant theory, simply a decent formula and careful attention to detail. There was no customary method of naming materials (and no table that everybody may agree on). However, science developed over the centuries.

Major progress was created in putt chemistry on a solid foundation once Boyle (1637-1691) began his analysis in chemistry. He developed the fundamental concepts for the behaviour of gases; gases may thenceforth be represented mathematically. Boyle conjointly helped pioneer the concept that tiny particles may mix to create molecules. a few years later, John Dalton used these concepts to develop the atomic theory.

The field of science started to grow quickly during the 1700s. Joseph Priestley (1733-1804) separated and described a few gases: oxygen, carbon monoxide, and nitrous oxide. It was subsequently found that nitrous oxide ("chuckling gas") filled in as a sedative. This gas was utilized for that reason without precedent for 1844 during a tooth extraction. Different gases found during that opportunity were chlorine, by C.W. Scheele (1742-1786) and nitrogen, by Antoine Lavoisier (1743-1794). Lavoisier has been viewed as by numerous researchers to be the "father of science".

Scientific experts kept on finding new mixtures during the 1800s. The science likewise started to foster a more hypothetical establishment. John Dalton (1766-1844) set forth his nuclear hypothesis in 1807. This thought permitted researchers to contemplate science in a substantially more orderly manner. Amadeo Avogadro (1776-1856) laid the foundation for a more quantitative way to deal with science by computing the quantity of particles in a given measure of a gas. A great deal of exertion was advanced in concentrating on compound responses. These endeavors prompted new materials being created. Following the innovation of the battery by Alessandro Volta (1745-1827), the field of electrochemistry (both hypothesis and application) created through significant commitments by Humphry Davy (1778-1829) and Michael Faraday (1791-1867). Different region of the discipline additionally advanced quickly.

It would take an enormous book to cover improvements in science during the 20th hundred years and up to the present time. One significant area of development was in the space of the science of living cycles. Research in photosynthesis in plants, the revelation and portrayal of compounds as biochemical impetuses, explanation of the designs of biomolecules like insulin and DNA — these endeavors brought about a blast of data in the field of organic chemistry.

The viable parts of science were not overlooked. Crafted by Volta, Davy, and Faraday at last prompted the improvement of batteries that gave a wellspring of power to control various gadgets.

Charles Goodyear (1800-1860) found the course of vulcanization, permitting rubber to be created for the tires of the relative multitude of vehicles that we have today. Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) spearheaded the utilization of intensity cleansing to dispose of undesirable microorganisms in wine and milk. Alfred Nobel (1833-1896) created explosive. After his passing, the fortune he produced using this item was utilized to finance the Nobel Prizes in science and the humanities. J.W. Hyatt (1837-1920) fostered the primary plastic. Leo Baekeland (1863-1944) fostered the primary engineered gum, which is broadly utilized for economical and solid dinnerware.

IMPORTANCE OF CHEMISTRY

Chemistry is one the most important subject. This subject plays an important role in science and is also related to other branches of science. Being chemistry an important subject it is used in every aspect of a person’s life from the food consumed to the products used. The improvement of chemical science has altered the premise of current medication. With ever-increasing research in chemistry, wonder drugs like penicillin and streptomycin have been developed. Not only in medicine but chemistry is also applied in many different areas of science and technology. It is applied in agriculture, supply of food, contribution to better hygiene and sanitation, saving the environment, increase in comfort, pleasure and luxuries, transport and communication, and atomic energy.