ACME SMART PUBLICATION
Nucleic Acids
The nucleic acid is another form of macromolecule found in the acid-insoluble portion of any living tissue. Polynucleotides are a type of nucleotide. They make up the real macromolecular fraction of any living tissue or cell, together with polysaccharides and polypeptides. A nucleotide is the building block of nucleic acids. A nucleotide is made up of three chemically different parts. A heterocyclic molecule is one, a monosaccharide is another, and phosphoric acid or phosphate is the third. The nitrogenous bases adenine, guanine, uracil, cytosine, and thymine are heterocyclic molecules in nucleic acids. The purines Adenine and Guanine are substituted, with the pyrimidines Thymine and Cytosine. Purine and pyrimidine are the components for the skeletal heterocyclic ring.Polynucleotides include either ribose (a monosaccharide pentose) or 2' deoxyribose as a sugar. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid that contains deoxyribose, whereas ribonucleic acid (RNA) contains ribose sugar.
Secondary structures in nucleic acids come in a range of shapes and sizes. The famous Watson - Crick Model, for example, is one of DNA's secondary structures. According to this idea, DNA is a double helix. Polynucleotide strands are antiparallel, meaning they run in opposite directions. The sugar-phosphate-sugar chain makes up the backbone. The nitrogen bases are positioned perpendicular to the backbone but on the inside. One strand's A and G must base pair with the other strand's T and C, respectively. Between A and T, there are two hydrogen bonds, while between G and C, there are three hydrogen bonds.
Each thread resembles a spiral staircase. A pair of bases represent each stage of the ascent. The strand rotates 36 degrees with each climbing step. Ten steps or ten base pairs would be required to complete a full turn of the helical strand. It would be a 34 pitch. The increase would be 3.4 per base pair. B-DNA is a type of DNA that has the characteristics listed above. More than a dozen kinds of DNA named after English alphabets with unique structural properties are known to exist.
