4. Carbon Compounds- Ethanol and Ethanoic Acid

Carbon compounds ethanol and ethanoio acid

 Alcohol :-  compounds containing –OH group attached to a carbon atom are known as alcohol.

E.g, Ethanol ( C₂H₅OH ) : Commonly known as alcohol.

 Properties of ethanol

Ethanol is a liquid at room temperature and is soluble n a water . in take of ever a small quantity of pure ethanol ( called absolute alcohol ) can be lethal.

Reactions of ethanol

2Na  +  2CH₃CH₂OH    →   2CH₃CH₂ONa⁺  +  H₂ 

                                                 Sodium ethoxide

Ethanol reacts with sodium to liberate H₂ gas.

Reaction with cone. H₂SO₄

Heating ethanol at 443 K with excess concentrated sulphuric acid results in the dehydration of ethane to give ethane.

                              HO⁺ conc

Alcohol as a fuel :- alcohol (ethanol) is added to petrol up to  20% and the mixture is called gasol.

Harmful effects of drinking  Alcohol :

• If the alcohol is used for drinking purpose conatins some methyl alcohol ( CH₃OH) as impurity then it may cause series poisoning and loss of eye sight.
• It damage liven if taken regularly in large quantities.
• Dyes are also added to colour the alcohol blue so that it can be identified easily.
• This is called denatured alcohol.

Ethanoic Acid :-  Ethanoic acid, commercially known as acetic acid belongs to a group of a acids called carboxylic acid. 

Reactions of ethanoic  acid :

1. Esterification Reaction :- ethanoic acid reacts with absolute ethanol in the presence of an acid catalyst to give an ester.

Ester are sweet – smelling substances.

These are used in making perfums.

•  Saponification :-   ester is converted back to alcohol and sodium salt of carboxylic acid . this reactionis known as saponification because it is used in the preparation of soap.

2. Reaction with a base

  NaOH  +  CH₃COONa  +  H₂O

3. Reaction with carbonates and bicarbonates

Ethanoic acid reacts with carbonates and hydrogencarbonates to give rise toa salt, carbon dioxide and water . the salt produced is commonly called sodium acetate.

   2CH₃COOH  +  Na₂CO₃    →     2CH₃COONa +  H₂O + CO₂

  CH₃COOH +  NaHCO₃     →     CH₃COONa + H₂O +  CO₂