- Books Name
- Kaysons Academy Chemistry Foundation Book
- Publication
- Kaysons Publication
- Course
- JEE
- Subject
- Chemistry
Chapter:- 2
Is Matter around us Pure
Matter (Solid, Liquid or Gas)
- Pure Substance,
- Mixtures (No Fixed Composition)
Pure Substance
- Elements (Cannot be broken down to simpler substances)
Examples:-
Copper, oxygen, iron, hydrogen, mercury etc.
- Compounds (Have fixed composition can be broken down into elements by chemical or electrochemical reactions)
Examples:-
Water, methane, sugar, salt etc.
Mixtures (No Fixed Composition)
- HomogeneousUniform composition
- HeterogeneousNon-Uniform composition
Homogeneous (Uniform composition)
Examples:-
Sugar in water, salt in water, sulphur in carbon
disulphide, water in alcohol etc.
Heterogeneous Non-Uniform composition
Examples:-
Sand and salt, sugar, and salt water in oil etc.
Mixtures
When two or more substances (elements/ compounds) are mixed together in any ratio, but they do not combine chemically, a mixture is formed.
Types of Mixtures
Depending upon the nature of the components that form a mixture, we have two types of mixtures.
Mixtures (No Fixed Composition)
- Homogeneous
- Heterogeneous
Homogeneous Mixtures
Air, alloy, soda water etc.
Heterogeneous Mixtures
A mixture of oil and water suspensions colloids etc
Components of a Solution
- Solvent
- Solute
Solvent
The component of the solution that dissolves the other component in it (usually the component present in larger amount) is called the solvent.
Solute
The component of the solution that is dissolved in the solvent (usually present in lesser quantity) is called the solute.
Types of Solution
Depending upon the amount of solute present in a given amount of solvent, the
solution can be classified into following three classes
Types of Solution
- Saturated Solution
- Unsaturated Solution
- Supersaturated solution
Saturated Solution
A solution in which no more amount of solute can be dissolved at a given temperature is known as saturated solution. The amount of solute present in the saturated solution at this temperature is called its solubility.
Unsaturated Solution
Some more amount of solute can be dissolved at a given temperature, is called unsaturated solution.
Supersaturated Solution If solution contains more amount of solute than the saturation concentration, it is called supersaturated solution.
Properties of a Solution
- A solution is a homogeneous mixture.
- The particles of a solution are smaller than 1 nm (10-9m) in diameter. therefore, they cannot be seen by naked eyes.
- Due to very small particles size, they do not scatter a beam of light passing through the solution. So, the path of light is not visible in a solution.
- A solution is stable. The solute particles cannot be separated by the process of filtration, also they do not settle down when left undisturbed.
Concentration of a Solution
The amount of solute present in a given amount of solution.