Solid in liquid solutions

SOLID IN LIQUID SOLUTIONS

Solubility of solid (or Non-volatile liquids) in Liquid

Colligative Properties: The properties of solutions which depends on the no. of solute particles but irrespective of nature of solute particles.

There are four Colligative properties:

a. Relative lowering of vapour pressure

b. Elevation of boiling point

c. Depression of freezing point

d. Osmotic pressure

a. Relative lowering of vapour pressure

P = p^o_A X_A + P^o_B X_B → Raoult’s law

Dilute solution is where n_A < < n_B

Or X_A < < < X_B

Non volable solute is where

 

 

 

b. Elevation of boiling point

Boiling point is the temperature at which the vapour pressure of liquid equals the atmospheric pressure.

Elevation in boiling point (∆T_b)  is the difference in boiling point of pure liquid   and boiling of solution of this liquid with a non-volatile solute.

Solutions

As can be clean seen from graph

 

 

 

 

 

 

K_b = Boiling point elevation constant of modal elevation constant (Ebullioscopic) constant

c. Depression of freezing point:

Freezing point: Temperature at which the vapour pressure of the substance in its liquid phase is equal to its vapour pressure in its solid phase

The lowering of vapour pressure of solution causes a lowering of freezing point compared to that of pure solvent. The difference in freezing point of the pure solvent and solution is called depression in freezing point

Depression in freezing point

Similar to elevation in boiling point

        ∆T_f α ∆P

              α X_A P˚ solvent

              α molality

  

K_f = depression in freezing point constant or molal depression constant or cryoscopic constant.