CBSE Class 12 Syllabus

Mathmatics

Unit -1 Relations and Functions

Chapter 1: Relations and Functions

• 1. Cartesian product and different types of relations
• 2. Reflexive, symmetric, transitive and equivalence and equivalence classes
• 3. Different types of functions their domain and range
• 4. One-one(injective) functions, onto (surjective) functions, bijective functions.
• 5. Composition of Functions
• 6. Invertible and inverse of functions

Chapter 2: Inverse Trigonometric Functions

• 1. Basic concepts , Domain and Range ,Principal Branch
• 2. Graphs of inverse trigonometric functions
• 3. Properties of inverse trigonometric functions and important results

Unit II- Algebra

Chapter 3: Matrices

• 1. Concept of Matrices and Types of Matrices
• 2. Operations on matrices
• 3. Transpose of a matrices and Properties of transpose of the matrices
• 4. Symmetric and Skew Symmetric Matrices
• 5. Invertible Matrices and Inverse of a matrix by elementary operations

Chapter 4: Determinants

• 1. Concept of Determinant and Properties of Determinants
• 2. Area of a Triangle
• 3. Minors and Co-factors
• 4. Adjoint and Inverse of a Matrix
• 5. Applications of Determinants and Matrices

Unit III- Calculus

Chapter 5: Continuity and Differentiability

• 1. Concept of Continuity and Algebra of continuous functions
• 2. Concept of Differentiability and Algebra of derivatives
• 3. Derivatives of composite functions
• 4. Derivatives of implicit functions
• 5. Derivatives of inverse trigonometric functions
• 6. Derivatives of Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
• 7. Logarithmic Differentiation
• 8. Derivatives of Functions in Parametric Forms
• 9. Second Order Derivative
• 10. Mean Value Theorem

Chapter 6: Applications of Derivatives

• 1. Study applications of the derivative
• 2. Rate of Change of Quantities
• 3. Increasing and Decreasing Functions
• 4. Tangents and Normals
• 5. Approximations
• 6. Maxima and Minima

Chapter 7: Integrals

• 1. Concept of Integrals and types of integral
• 2. Integration as an Inverse Process of Differentiation
• 3. Geometrical interpretation and Some properties of indefinite integral
• 4. Methods of Integration(Integration by substitution)
• 5. Methods of Integration(Integration by Partial Fractions)
• 6. Methods of Integration(Integration by Parts)
• 7. Integrals of some more types
• 8. Concept of Definite Integral and Definite Integral as the limit of a sum
• 9. Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
• 10. Evaluation of Definite Integrals by Substitution and more methods
• 11. Some Properties of Definite Integrals and evaluation of definite integrals

Chapter 8: Applications of the Integrals

• 1. Area under Simple Curves especially lines, circles/ parabolas/ellipses (in standard form only)
• 2. The area of the region bounded by a curve and a line
• 3. Area between Two Curves

Chapter 9: Differential Equations

• 1. Basic Concepts of Differential Equations and Types of Differential equations
• 2. Order and Degree of a differential equation
• 3. General and Particular Solutions of a Differential Equation
• 4. Formation of a Differential Equation whose General Solution is given
• 5. Methods of Solving First Order, First Degree Differential Equations and Differential equations with variables separable
• 6. Solutions of homogeneous differential equations of first order and first degree
• 7. Solutions of linear differential equation of first order and first degree

Unit IV- Vectors and Three-Dimensional Geometry

Chapter 10: Vectors

• 1. Concepts of Vectors and scalars ,magnitude and direction of a vector
• 2. Direction cosines and direction ratios of a vector
• 3. Types of vectors
• 4. Algebra of Vectors( Addition and Multiplication of Vectors)
• 5. Section formula(internally,externally)
• 6. Product of Two Vectors and Scalar (or dot) product of two vectors
• 7. properties,Interpretation of scalar product and Vector (or cross) product of two vectors
• 8. Scalar triple product and properties of scalar triple product

Chapter 11: Three - dimensional Geometry

• 1. Direction cosines and direction ratios of a line joining two points.
• 2. Concepts of Lines and Cartesian equation and vector equation of a line
• 3. Angle between two lines,coplanar and skew lines
• 4. shortest distance between two lines
• 5. Concepts of Planes and Cartesian and vector equation of a plane
• 6. Angle between two planes a line and a plane
• 7. Distance of a point from a plane and Distance between two planes

Unit V- Linear Programming

Chapter 12: Linear Programming

• 1. Linear Programming Problem and its Mathematical Formulation
• 2. Related terminology such as constraints, objective function, feasible and infeasible regions (bounded or unbounded) ,etc.
• 3. Graphical method of solving linear programming problems
• 4. Different Types of Linear Programming Problems

Unit VI- Probability

Chapter 13: Probability

• 1. Conditional probability
• 2. multiplication theorem on probability
• 3. independent events and mutually exclusive and exhaustive events
• 4. Partitions,total probability, Bayes’ theorem
• 5. Random variable and its probability distribution
• 6. Binomial distribution , mean and variance of random variable

English

FLAMINGO (PROSE)

Chapter 1: The Last Lesson

• The Last Lesson

Chapter 2: Lost Spring

• Lost Spring

Chapter 3: Deep Water

• Deep Water

Chapter 4: The Rattrap

• The Rattrap

Chapter 5: Indigo

• Indigo

Chapter 6: Poets and Pancakes

• Poets and Pancakes

Chapter 7: The Interview

• The Interview

Chapter 8: Going Places

• Going Places

POEM

Chapter 1: My Mother at Sixty – Six

• My Mother at Sixty – Six

Chapter 2: An Elementary School Classroom in a Slum

• An Elementary School Classroom in a Slum

Chapter 3: Keeping Quiet

• Keeping Quiet

Chapter 4: A Thing of Beauty

• A Thing of Beauty

Chapter 5: A Roadside Stand

• A Roadside Stand

Chapter 6: Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers

• Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers

BOOK NAME-II VISTAS

Chapter 1: The Third Level

• The Third Level

Chapter 2: The Tiger King

• The Tiger King

Chapter 3: Journey to the end of the Earth

• Journey to the end of the Earth

Chapter 4: The Enemy Pearl

• The Enemy Pearl

Chapter 5: Should Wizard hit Mommy

• Should Wizard hit Mommy

Chapter 6: On the face of It

• On the face of It

Chapter 7: Evans Tries an O-level

• Evans Tries an O-level

Chapter 8: Memories of Childhood

• Memories of Childhood

Hindi

Unit 1. हिंदी (आधार)

Chapter 1. अपठित अंश

• 1. अपठित गद्यांश – बोध

Chapter 2. कार्यालयी हिंदी और रचनात्मक लेखन

• 1. रचनात्मक लेखन

Chapter 3. पाठ्यपुस्तक

• 1. आरोह भाग-2

Accountancy

Unit 1: Accounting for Partnership Firms and Companies

Chapter 1. Accounting for Partnership Firms

• Partnership: features, Partnership Deed.
• Provisions of the Indian Partnership Act 1932 in the absence of partnership deed.
• Fixed v/s fluctuating capital accounts.Preparation of Profit and Loss Appropriation account- division of profit among partners, guarantee of profits.
• Past adjustments (relating to interest on capital, interest on drawing, salary and profit sharing ratio).
• Goodwill: nature, factors affecting and methods of valuation - average profit, super profit and capitalization.
• Accounting for Partnership firms - Reconstitution and Dissolution.
• Change in the Profit Sharing Ratio among the existing partners - sacrificing ratio, gaining ratio, accounting for revaluation of assets and reassessment of liabilities and treatment of reserves and accumulated profits. Preparation of revaluation account a
• Admission of a partner - effect of admission of a partner on change in the profit sharing ratio, treatment of goodwill (as per AS 26), treatment for revaluation of assets and reassessment of liabilities, treatment of reserves and accumulated profits, adju
• Retirement and death of a partner: effect of retirement / death of a partner on change in profit sharing ratio, treatment of goodwill (as per AS 26), treatment for revaluation of assets and reassessment of liabilities, adjustment of accumulated profits an
• Calculation of deceased partner‟s share of profit till the date of death. Preparation of deceased partner‟s capital account, executor‟s account and preparation of balance sheet.
• Dissolution of a partnership firm: types of dissolution of a firm. Settlement of accounts -preparation of realization account, and other related accounts: capital accounts of partners and cash/bank a/c (excluding piecemeal distribution, sale to a company

Chapter 2. Accounting for Companies

• Accounting for Share Capital - Share and share capital: nature and types.
• Accounting for share capital: issue and allotment of equity shares, private placement of shares, Employee Stock Option Plan (ESOP). Public subscription of shares - over subscription and under subscription of shares; issue at par and at premium, calls in a
• Concept of Private Placement and Employee Stock Option Plan (ESOP).
• Accounting treatment of forfeiture and re-issue of shares.
• Disclosure of share capital in company‟s Balance Sheet.
• Accounting for Debentures
• Debentures: Issue of debentures at par, at a premium and at a discount. Issue of debentures for consideration other than cash; Issue of debentures with terms of redemption; debentures as collateral security-concept, interest on debentures.
• Redemption of debentures: Lump sum, draw of lots and purchase in the open market (excluding ex-interest and cum-interest). Creation of Debenture Redemption Reserve.
• Conversion method.

Unit 2: Financial Statement Analysis

Chapter 3. Analysis of Financial Statements

• Financial statements of a company: Statement of Profit and Loss and Balance Sheet in the prescribed form with major headings and sub headings (as per Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013).
• Financial Statement Analysis: Objectives, importance and limitations.
• Tools for Financial Statement Analysis: Comparative statements, common size statements, cash flow analysis, ratio analysis.
• Accounting Ratios: Objectives, classification and computation.
• Liquidity Ratios: Current ratio and Quick ratio.
• Solvency Ratios: Debt to Equity Ratio, Total Asset to Debt Ratio, Proprietary Ratio and Interest Coverage Ratio.
• Activity Ratios: Inventory Turnover Ratio, Trade Receivables Turnover Ratio, Trade Payables Turnover Ratio and Working Capital Turnover Ratio.
• Profitability Ratios: Gross Profit Ratio, Operating Ratio, Operating Profit Ratio, Net Profit Ratio and Return on Investment.

Chapter 4. Cash Flow Statement

• Meaning
• objectives and preparation (as per AS 3 (Revised) (Indirect Method only)

Unit 3. Computerized Accounting

Chapter 3. Computerized Accounting

• Overview of Computerised Accounting System.
• Accounting Application of Electronic Spreadsheet.
• Using Computerized Accounting System.
• Database Management System (DBMS)

Business Studies

Unit 1:Business studies 1

Chapter 1: Nature and Significance of Management

• Introduction
• Concept of Management
• Characteristics of Management
• Objectives of Management
• Importance of Management
• Nature of Management
• Levels of Management
• Functions of Management
• Coordination-The essence of Management

Chapter 2: Principles of Management

• Introduction
• Nature of Principles of Management
• Significance of POM
• Henri Fayol's POM
• Taylor's POM
• Fayol versus Taylor-A comparison

Chapter 3: Business Environment

• Introduction
• Features of Business Environment
• Importance of Business Environment
• Dimensions of Business Environment
• Economic environment in India
• Impact of Government changes on Business & Industry
• Demonetization

Chapter 4: Planning

• Introduction
• Importance of Planning
• Features of Planning
• Limitations of Planning
• Planning process
• Types of plans

Chapter 5: Organising

• Introduction
• Organising Process.
• Importance of Organising
• Organisation structure
• Formal & Informal organisation
• Delegation
• Decentralisation

Chapter 6: Staffing

• Introduction
• Importance of Staffing
• staffing as part of Human Resource Management
• Staffing process
• Recruitment
• Selection
• Training & Development

Chapter 7: Directing

• Introduction
• Features of directing
• Importance of Directing
• Principles of Directing
• Elements of Directing
• Motivation-2nd element
• leadership-3rd element
• communication-4th element

Chapter 8: Controlling

• Introduction
• Importance of Controlling
• Limitations of Controlling
• Relationship between planning & controlling
• Controlling process

Unit 2: Business Studies II

Chapter 9: Financial Management

• Introduction
• Importance of Financial management
• Objectives of Financial Management
• Financial decisions
• Financial Planning
• Capital structure
• Fixed capital
• Working capital

Chapter 10: Financial Markets

• Introduction
• Functions of financial market
• classification of financial market
• Money market
• Capital market
• Primary market
• Seconadary market
• Trading & settlement procedure
• Dematerialisation & depositories
• NSE
• BSE
• Securities & exchange board of India-SEBI

Chapter 11: Marketing

• Introduction
• What can be marketed
• Marketing Management
• Marketing Management Philosophies
• Functions of Marketing
• Role of marketing
• Marketing Mix
• Product Mix
• Price Mix
• Place Mix/Physical distribution
• Promotion Mix

Chapter 12: Consumer Protection

• Introduction
• Importance of Consumer protection
• legal protection to consumers
• Consumer Protection Act
• Consumer Rights
• Consumer Responsibilities
• Ways & means of consumer protection
• Redressal agencies
• Relief available
• Role of Consumer organisations & NGO's

Economics

Macroeconomics

Chapter 1: NATIONAL INCOME

• CIRCULAR FLOW OF INCOME - GENERAL
• REAL & CASH FLOW
• CIRCULAR FLOW OF INCOME - TWO SECTOR ECONOMY MODEL
• DOMESTIC TERRITORY, RESIDENTSHIP, CITIZENSHIP
• FINAL GOODS & INTERMEDIATE GOODS
• FACTOR INCOME & TRANSFER INCOME
• CONSUMPTION GOODS & CAPITAL GOODS
• NATIONAL INCOME AGGREGATES
• THREE GOLDEN RULES
• VALUE ADDED METHOD
• INCOME METHOD
• EXPENDITURE METHOD
• TREATMENT OF DIFFERENT ITEMS IN NATIONAL INCOME
• GDP DEFLATOR

Chapter 2: MONEY & BANKING

• BARTER EXCHANGE
• MONEY
• MONEY SUPPLY
• FUNCTIONS OF MONEY
• EVOLUTION OF MONEY
• DEMAND FOR MONEY
• COMMERCIAL BANK
• CREDIT CREATION
• CENTRAL BANK
• CENTRAL BANK v/s COMMERCIAL BANK

Chapter 3: DETERMINATION OF INCOME & EMPLOYMENT

• INVESTMENT FUNCTION
• MEASURES TO CONTROL AD - MONETARY POLICY & FISCAL POLICY
• DEFICIENT DEMAND
• EXCESS DEMAND
• INVESTMENT MULTIPLIER
• EQUILIBRIUM LEVEL
• UNEMPLOYMENT
• FULL EMPLOYMENT
• SAVINGS & INVESTMENT
• AGGREGATE DEMAND
• DERIVATION OF CONSUMPTION CURVE FROM SAVINGS CURVE
• DERIVATION OF SAVINGS CURVE FROM CONSUMPTION CURVE
• TYPES OF PROPENSITIES TO SAVE
• SAVING FUNCTION & NUMERICALS
• TYPES OF PROPENSITIES TO CONSUME
• CONSUMPTION FUNCTION
• AGGREGATE SUPPLY

Chapter 4: GOVERNMENT BUDGET

• GOVERNMENT BUDGET
• BUDGET RECEIPTS
• BUDGET EXPENDITURE
• MEASUREMENT OF GOVERNMENT DEFICIT

Chapter 5: FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATE

• FOREX
• MARKET FORCES
• TYPES OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATE
• CHANGES IN FOREX
• FUNCTIONS OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE MARKET
• KINDS OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE MARKETS

Chapter 6: BALANCE OF PAYMENTS

• BOP
• TYPES OF BOP
• STRUCTURE OF BOP
• BALANCE OF BOP
• BOT
• AUTONOMOUS & ACCOMODATING ITEMS

Indian Economic Development

Chapter 1: INDIA ON THE EVE OF INDEPENDENCE

• ADVENT OF EAST INDIA COMPANY IN INDIA
• INDIAN ECONOMY BEFORE COLONIAL RULE
• BRITISH POLICIES AND THEIR IMPACT ON INDIA
• DEMOGRAPHYDURING COLONIAL RULE
• OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE IN COLONIAL INDIA
• INFRASTRUCTURE DURING THE BRITISH RULE
• IMPACTS OF BRITISH RULE

Chapter 2: INDIAN ECONOMY (1950-1990)

• CENTRAL PROBLEMS OF AN ECONOMY
• TYPES OF ECONOMIC SYSTEMS
• ECONOMIC PLANNING
• AGRICULTURAL SECTOR
• INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT
• FOREIGN TRADE
• CONCLUSION

Chapter 3: LIBERALISATION, PRIVATISATION & GLOBALISATION

• ECONOMIC REFORMS
• CLASSIFICATION OF 1991 MEASURES
• MAJOR POLICIES OF 1991 REFORMS
• LIBERALISATION
• PRIVATISATION
• RECOGNITION TO PSUs
• GLOBALISATION
• CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF LPG POLICIES
• DEMONETISATION
• DIGITALISATION
• GOODS & SERVICES TAX

Chapter 4: POVERTY

• VICIOUS CIRCLE OF POVERTY
• POVERTY
• TYPES OF POVERTY
• POVERTY LINE
• GLOBAL MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY INDEX
• URBAN v/s RURAL POVERTY
• POVERTY & AGRICULTURE SECTOR

Chapter 5: HUMAN CAPITAL FORMATION

• PHUSICAL v/s HUMAN CAPITAL
• HCF
• RELATION BETWEEN HUMAN CAPITAL & GROWTH
• HCF (Importance and Problem)
• HUMAN CAPITAL v/s HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
• HCF IN INDIA

Chapter 6: RURAL DEVELOPMENT

• RURAL DEVELOPMENT
• RURAL CREDIT
• AGRICULTURAL MARKET SYSTEM
• DIVERSIFICATION OF AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES
• NON FARM EMPLOYMENT IN RURAL AREAS
• SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT & ORGANIC FARMING
• EVALUATION OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT

Chapter 7: EMPLOYMENT

• IMPORTANT TERMS
• WORKER POPULATION RATIO
• EMPLOYMENT
• GROWTH & CHANGING STRUCTURE OF EMPLOYMENT
• UNEMPLOYMENT
• GOVERNMENT POLICIES & EMPLOYMENT GENERATION
• CONCLUSION

Chapter 8: INFRASTRUCTURE

• INFRASTRUCTURE
• STATE OF INFRASTRUCTURE IN INDIA
• HEALTH SECTOR
• WAY AHEAD

Chapter 9: ENVIRONMENT & SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

• ENVIRONMENT
• GLOBAL WARMING
• OZONE DEPLETION
• INDIA'S ENVIRONMENT
• LAND DEGRADATION
• CHALLENGES
• SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Chapter 10: COMPARATIVE EDEVELOPMENT EXPERIENCES OF INDIA & ITS NEIGHBOURS

• DEVELOPMENT JOURNEY
• ANALYSIS OF CHINA
• ANALYSIS OF PAKISTAN
• COMPARATIVE STUDY - INDIA, CHINA & PAKISTAN
• DEMOGRAPHY, GROWTH INDICATORS, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS
• CONCLUSION

Physics

Unit I: Electrostatics

Chapter-1: Electric Charges and Fields

• Electric Charges
• Conservation of charge, Coulomb's law-force between two point charges, forces between multiple charges
• superposition principle and continuous charge distribution.
• Electric field, electric field due to a point charge, electric field lines, electric dipole, electric field due to a dipole, torque on a dipole in uniform electric field.
• Electric flux, statement of Gauss's theorem and its applications to find field due to infinitely long straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet and uniformly charged thin spherical shell (field inside and outside).

Chapter-2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

• Electric potential
• potential difference, electric potential due to a point charge, a dipole and system of charges
• equipotential surfaces, electrical potential energy of a system of two point charges and of electric dipole in an electrostatic field.
• Conductors and insulators, free charges and bound charges inside a conductor.
• Dielectrics and electric polarisation,
• capacitors and capacitance,
• combination of capacitors in series and in parallel
• capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectric medium between the plates,
• energy stored in a capacitor.

Unit II: Current Electricity

Chapter-3: Current Electricity

• Electric current
• flow of electric charges in a metallic conductor, drift velocity, mobility and their relation with electric current
• Ohm's law, electrical resistance, V-I characteristics (linear and non-linear), electrical energy and power, electrical resistivity and conductivity.
• Carbon resistors, colour code for carbon resistors
• series and parallel combinations of resistors
• temperature dependence of resistance.
• Internal resistance of a cell, potential difference and emf of a cell,combination of cells in series and in parallel.
• Kirchhoff's laws and simple applications.
• Wheatstone bridge, metre bridge.
• Potentiometer - principle and its applications to measure potential difference and for comparing emf of two cells
• measurement of internal resistance of a cell.

Unit III: Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism

Chapter-4: Moving Charges and Magnetism

• Concept of magnetic field
• Oersted's experiment.
• Biot - Savart law and its application to current carrying circular loop.
• Ampere's law and its applications to infinitely long straight wire.
• Straight and toroidal solenoids
• Force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields.
• Cyclotron.
• Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field.
• Force between two parallel current-carrying conductors-definition of ampere.
• Torque experienced by a current loop in uniform magnetic field
• moving coil galvanometer-its current sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter.

Chapter-5: Magnetism and Matter

• Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment.
• Magnetic dipole moment of a revolving electron.
• Magnetic field intensity due to a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) along its axis and perpendicular to its axis.
• Torque on a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) in a uniform magnetic field
• bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid, magnetic field lines
• Earth's magnetic field and magnetic elements.
• Para-, dia- and ferro - magnetic substances, with examples.
• Electromagnets and factors affecting their strengths.
• Permanent magnets.

Unit IV: Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents

Chapter-6: Electromagnetic Induction

• Electromagnetic induction
• Faraday's laws, induced emf and current
• Lenz's Law, Eddy currents.
• Self and mutual induction.

Chapter-7: Alternating Current

• Alternating currents
• peak and rms value of alternating current/voltage
• reactance and impedance;
• LC oscillations (qualitative treatment only), LCR series circuit, resonance
• power in AC circuits, wattless current.
• AC generator and transformer.

Unit V: Electromagnetic waves

Chapter-8: Electromagnetic Waves

• Basic idea of displacement current
• Electromagnetic waves, their characteristics, their transverse nature (qualitative ideas only).
• Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma rays) including elementary facts about their uses.

Unit VI: Optics

Chapter-9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments

• Ray Optics:: Reflection of light
• spherical mirrors, mirror formula.
• Refraction of light, total internal reflection and its applications, optical fibres, refraction at spherical surfaces, lenses, thin lens formula, lensmaker's formula.
• Magnification, power of a lens, combination of thin lenses in contact combination of a lens and a mirror.
• Refraction and dispersion of light through a prism.
• Scattering of light - blue colour of sky and reddish apprearance of the sun at sunrise and sunset.
• Optical instruments: Microscopes and astronomical telescopes (reflecting and refracting) and their magnifying powers.

Chapter-10: Wave Optics

• Wave optics: Wave front and Huygen's principle
• reflection and refraction of plane wave at a plane surface using wave fronts.
• Proof of laws of reflection and refraction using Huygen's principle.
• Interference Young's double slit experiment and expression for fringe width, coherent sources and sustained interference of light.
• Diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maximum.
• Resolving power of microscopes and astronomical telescopes.
• Polarisation, plane polarised light Brewster's law, uses of plane polarised light and Polaroids.

Unit VII: Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation

Chapter-11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

• Dual nature of radiation
• Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard's observations;
• Einstein's photoelectric equation-particle nature of light.
• Matter waves-wave nature of particles, de Broglie relation.
• Davisson-Germer experiment (experimental details should be omitted; only conclusion should be explained).

Unit VIII: Atoms & Nuclei

Chapter-12: Atoms

• Alpha-particle scattering experiment
• Rutherford's model of atom
• Bohr model, energy levels, hydrogen spectrum.

Chapter-13: Nuclei

• Composition and size of nucleus
• atomic masses, isotopes, isobars; isotones.
• Radioactivityalpha, beta and gamma particles/rays and their properties; radioactive decay law.
• Mass-energy relation, mass defect; binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number; nuclear fission, nuclear fusion.

Unit IX: Electronic Devices

Chapter-14: Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits

• Energy bands in conductors
• semiconductors and insulators (qualitative ideas only)
• Semiconductor diode - I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias, diode as a rectifier;
• Special purpose p-n junction diodes: LED, photodiode, solar cell and Zener diode and their characteristics, zener diode as a voltage regulator.
• Junction transistor, transistor action, characteristics of a transistor and transistor as an amplifier (common emitter configuration), basic idea of analog and digital signals, Logic gates (OR, AND, NOT, NAND and NOR).

Unit X: Communication Systems

Chapter-15: Communication Systems

• Elements of a communication system (block diagram only)
• bandwidth of signals (speech, TV and digital data)
• bandwidth of transmission medium
• Propagation of electromagnetic waves in the atmosphere, sky and space wave propagation, satellite communication.
• Need for modulation, amplitude modulation.

Chemistry

Unit I: Solid State

Chapter 1: Solid State

• Classification of solids based on different binding forces
• molecular, ionic, covalent and metallic solids, amorphous and crystalline solids (elementary idea).
• Unit cell in two dimensional and three dimensional lattices, calculation of density of unit cell, packing in solids, packing efficiency, voids, number of atoms per unit cell in a cubic unit cell, point defects, electrical and magnetic properties.
• Band theory of metals, conductors, semiconductors and insulators and n & p type semiconductors.

Unit II: Solutions

Chapter 2: Solutions

• Types of solutions
• expression of concentration of solutions of solids in liquids,
• solubility of gases in liquids,
• solid solutions,
• colligative properties - relative lowering of vapour pressure
• Raoult's law
• elevation of boiling point,
• depression of freezing point
• osmotic pressure
• determination of molecular masses using colligative properties
• abnormal molecular mass
• van't Hoff factor.

Unit III: Electrochemistry

Chapter 3: Electrochemistry

• Redox reactions
• Nernst equation and its application to chemical cells
• conductance in electrolytic solutions
• specific and molar conductivity
• variations of conductivity with concentration
• Kohlrausch's Law
• electrolysis and law of electrolysis (elementary idea)
• dry cell -electrolytic cells and Galvanic cells
• lead accumulator
• EMF of a cell
• standard electrode potential
• Relation between Gibbs energy change and emf of a cell, fuel cells, corrosion.

Unit IV: Chemical Kinetics

Chapter 4: Chemical Kinetics

• Rate of a reaction (Average and instantaneous)
• factors affecting rate of reaction: concentration, temperature, catalyst
• order and molecularity of a reaction
• rate law and specific rate constant
• integrated rate equations and half life (only for zero and first order reactions)
• concept of collision theory (elementary idea, no mathematical treatment)
• Activation energy, Arrhenious equation.

Unit V: Surface Chemistry

Chapter 5: Surface Chemistry

• Adsorption - physisorption and chemisorption,
• factors affecting adsorption of gases on solids, catalysis, homogenous and heterogenous activity and selectivity
• enzyme catalysis colloidal state distinction between true solutions, colloids and suspension
• lyophilic , lyophobic multimolecular and macromolecular colloids
• properties of colloids
• Tyndall effect, Brownian movement, electrophoresis, coagulation, emulsion - types of emulsions.

Unit VI: General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements

Chapter 6: General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements

• Principles and methods of extraction
• concentration, oxidation, reduction
• electrolytic method and refining
• occurrence and principles of extraction of aluminium, copper, zinc and iron.

Unit VII: p - Block Elements

Chapter 7: Group 15 Elements

• General introduction
• electronic configuration, occurrence, oxidation states, trends in physical and chemical properties
• nitrogen preparation properties & uses
• compounds of nitrogen, preparation and properties of ammonia and nitric acid, oxides of nitrogen (Structure only)
• Phosphorus - allotropic forms, compounds of phosphorus: preparation and properties of phosphine, halides PCl3 , PCl5 and oxoacids (elementary idea only).

Chapter 8: Group 16 Elements

• General introduction
• electronic configuration, oxidation states, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties,dioxygen
• Preparation, Properties and uses, classification of oxides, Ozone, Sulphure -allotropic forms
• compounds of sulphure: Preparation properties and uses of sulphur-dioxide, sulphuric acid:
• industrial process of manufacture, properties and uses; oxoacids of sulphur (Structures only).

Chapter 9: Group 17 Elements

• General introduction
• electronic configuration, oxidation states, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties
• compounds of halogens, Preparation properties and uses of chlorine and hydrochloric acid, interhalogen compounds, oxoacids of halogens (structures only).

Chapter 10: Group 18 Elements

• General introduction
• electronic configuration, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties, uses.

Unit VIII: d and f Block Elements

Chapter 11: d and f Block Elements

• General introduction
• electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics of transition metals
• general trends in properties of the first row transition metals
• metallic character, ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, ionic radii, colour
• catalytic property, magnetic properties,
• interstitial compounds, alloy formation
• preparation and properties of K2Cr2O7 and KMnO4.
• Lanthanoids - Electronic configuration, oxidation states, chemical reactvity and lanthanoid contraction and its consequences.
• Actinoids - Electronic configuration, oxidation states and comparison with lanthanoids.

Unit IX: Coordination Compounds

Chapter 12: Coordination Compounds

• Coordination compounds - general introduction
• ligands, coordination number, colour, magnetic properties and shapes, IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds.
• Bonding, Werner's theory, VBT, and CFT
• structure and stereo isomerism
• importance of coordination compounds (in qualitative inclusion, extraction of metals and biological system).

Unit X : Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

Chapter 13: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

• Haloalkanes: Nomenclature
• nature of C-X bond
• physical and chemical properties
• mechanism of substitution reactions
• optical rotation.
• Haloarenes: Nature of C -X bond,
• substitution reactions (Directive influence of halogen in monosubstituted compounds only.
• Uses and environmental effects of - dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, iodoform freons, DDT.

Unit XI: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

Chapter 14: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

• Alcohols: Nomenclature
• methods of preparation
• physical and chemical properties( of primary alcohols only)
• identification of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols
• mechanism of dehydration
• uses with special reference to methanol and ethanol.
• Phenols: Nomenclature
• methods of preparation
• physical and chemical properties
• acidic nature of phenol
• electrophillic substitution reactions
• uses of phenols.
• Ethers: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses.

Unit XII: Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

Chapter 15: Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

• Aldehydes and Ketones: Nomenclature
• nature of carbonyl group,
• methods of preparation
• physical and chemical properties
• mechanism of nucleophillic addition
• reactivity of alpha hydrogen in aldehydes: uses.
• Carboxylic Acids: Nomenclature
• Carboxylic Acids: acidic nature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties; uses.

Unit XIII: Organic compounds containing Nitrogen

Chapter 16: Organic compounds containing Nitrogen

• Amines: Nomenclature
• Amines: classification, structure, methods of preparation
• Amines: physical and chemical properties, uses, identification of primary, secondary and tertiary amines.
• Cyanides and Isocyanides - will be mentioned at relevant places in context.
• Diazonium salts: Preparation, chemical reactions and importance in synthetic organic chemistry.

Unit XIV: Biomolecules

Chapter17: Biomolecules

• Carbohydrates - Classification (aldoses and ketoses)
• Carbohydrates - monosaccahrides (glucose and fructose),
• Carbohydrates - D-L configuration oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose, maltose),
• Carbohydrates - Polysaccharides (starch, cellulose, glycogen) importance.
• Proteins - Elementary idea of α - amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides, proteins
• structure of proteins - primary, secondary, tertiary structure and quaternary structures (qualitative idea only)
• denaturation of proteins; enzymes. Hormones - Elementary idea excluding structure.
• denaturation of proteins; enzymes. Hormones - Elementary idea excluding structure.
• Vitamins - Classification and functions.
• Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA.

Unit XV: Polymers

Chapter 18: Polymers

• Classification - natural and synthetic
• methods of polymerization (addition and condensation)
• copolymerization
• some important polymers: natural and synthetic like polythene, nylon polyesters, bakelite, rubber
• Biodegradable and non-biodegradable polymers.

Unit XVI: Chemistry in Everyday life

Chapter 19: Chemistry in Everyday life

• Chemicals in medicines - analgesics
• Chemicals in medicines - tranquilizers antiseptics
• Chemicals in medicines - disinfectants, antimicrobials, antifertility drugs
• Chemicals in medicines - antibiotics, antacids, antihistamines.
• Chemicals in food - preservations, artificial sweetening agents, elementary idea of antioxidants.
• Cleansing agents - soaps and detergents, cleansing action.

Biology

Unit VI. Reproduction

Chapter-1: Reproduction in Organisms

• introduction
• asexual
• sexual reproduction
• events in sexual reproduction

Chapter-2: Sexual reproduction in flowering plants

• structure of flower
• pre fertilization
• pollination
• double fertilization
• post fertilization
• apomixis and polyembryony

Chapter-3: Human reproduction

• male reproductive system
• female reproductive system
• gametogenesis
• menstrual cycle
• fertilisation and implantation
• embryonic development
• parturition and lactation

Chapter-4: Reproductive health

• introduction to reproductive health
• methods of birth control
• sexually transmitted diseases
• infertility

Unit VII. Genetics and Evolution

Chapter-5: Principles of Inheritance and Variation

• Mendel's Laws of Inheritance
• Inheritance of one gene
• Inheritance of two genes
• sex determination
• Mutation
• Genetic disorders

Chapter-6: Molecular Basis of Inheritance

• structure of DNA
• the search of genetic material
• RNA world
• Dna replication
• transcription
• Genetic code
• Translation
• Regulation of gene expression
• Human genome project
• DNA fingerprinting

Chapter-7: Evolution

• How did life originate?
• Evolution of Life forms - A Theory
• Evidences of evolution
• Adaptive radiation
• Biological evolution
• Mechanism of evolution?
• Hardy weinberg principle
• Speciation and isolation
• Brief of account of evolution
• Human evolution

Unit VIII. Biology and Human Welfare

Chapter-8: Human Health and Diseases

• common diseases in human
• understanding the immunology
• AIDS
• Cancer
• drugs and alcohol abuse

Chapter-9: Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production

• Animal husbandry
• Plant breeding
• Single cell protein
• Tissue culture

Chapter-10: Microbes in Human Welfare

• Microbes in household products
• Microbes in industrial products
• Microbes in sewage treatment
• Microbes in production of biogas
• Microbes as biocontrol agents
• Microbes as a biofertilizers

Unit IX. Biotechnology and Its Applications

Chapter-11: Biotechnology - Principles and Processes

• principle of biotechnology
• tools of recombinant DNA technology(RDT)
• processes of recombinant DNA technologies

Chapter-12: Biotechnology and its Application

• Biotechnological applications in agriculture
• Biotechnological applications in medicine
• Transgenic Animals
• Ethical Issues

Unit X. Ecology and Environment

Chapter-13: Organisms and Populations

• organisms and its environment
• populations

Chapter-14: Ecosystem

• structure and function of ecosystem
• productivity
• decomposition
• energy flow
• ecological pyramids
• Ecological succession
• Nutrient cycle
• Ecosystem services

Chapter-15: Biodiversity and its Conservation

• Biodiversity
• Conservation of biodiversity

Chapter-16: Environmental Issues

• Air pollution and control
• Water pollution and control
• Solid wastes
• Agro-chemicals and their effects
• Radioactive wastes
• Greenhouse effects and global warming
• Ozone depletion in the stratosphere
• Degradation by improper resource utilisation
• Deforestation

Social Science

Unit 1: Themes in Indian History I

Chapter 1: Bricks, Beads and Bones, The Harappan Civilization

• Beginnings and tracking
• Mohenjo-daro
• Art and Architecture
• Craft Production
• Procuring material
• seals scripts and weights
• Religious belief
• Discovering Civilization
• Problems of findings

Chapter 2: Kings, Farmers and Towns, early States and towns

• Earliest States
• Earlier Empires
• New notions of kinship
• Changing countryside
• Towns and trades
• inscriptions
• limitations

Chapter 3: Kingship, Castes and Class early societies 600BC-600AD

• Critical edition of Mahabharata
• Marriage and other relationships
• Social differences
• Beyond birth
• Social differences

Chapter 4: Thinkers, Beliefs and buildings, cultural development

• different interpretations of sacrifices
• Lord Mahavira
• Lord Buddha
• architecture
• Sculpture
• New religious traditions
• identifying traces

Unit 2: Themes in Indian History II

Chapter 1: Through that eyes of travellers

• Al biruni and his book
• Ibn Battuta's rehla
• Francis Bernier
• Al biruni and Sanskrit Traditions
• Ibn Battuta and Indian cities
• Bernier and East
• women in society

Chapter 2: Bhakti, Sufi Traditions

• Religious beliefs and practices
• Poems and prayers
• Virashaiva cult
• Religious beliefs in North
• changes in Islamic beliefs
• Growth of Sufism
• Chistis
• New devotional paths
• Reconstructing Histories of religious tradition

Chapter 3: Imperial capital Vijay Nagar

• The discovery of Hampi
• Rayas,Nayakas and Sultana
• Vijayanagara,a capital
• Royal centre
• Sacred Centres
• Temples and markets

Chapter 4: Peasants, Zamindars and the state

• Agricultural production
• Village community
• Women in agriculture Society
• Forests and tribes
• land revenue system

Chapter 5: kings and chronicles

• Mughal rulers
• Chronicles
• Painted image
• ideal Kingdom
• Capitals and Courts
• Imperial households
• Beyond the frontiers

Unit 3: Themes in Indian History III

COLONIALISM AND THE COUNTRYSIDE

• BENGAL AND ZAMINDARS
• AUCTION IN BURDWAN
• PROBLEM OF UNPAID REVENUE
• RISE OF JOTEDARS
• POWER IN RURAL BENGAL
• ZAMINDARS RESIST
• HOE AND THE POUGH
• SANTHALS
• ACCOUNTS OF BUCHANAN
• NEW REVENUE SYSTEM
• COTTON BOOM

REBELS AND THE RAJ

• REVOLT PATTERN
• TWO REVOLTS OF 1857
• AIM,OBJECTICE OF REVOLTS
• IMPACTS

COLONIAL CITIES

• URBANIZATION,PLANNING
• STRUCTURE AND ADMINISTRATION
• ARCHITECTURE
• NEW TOWNS STRUCTURE
• TRENDS OF CHANGE
• SETTLEMENT AND SEGGREGATION

MAHATMA GANDHI AND THE NATIONALIST MOVEMENT

• ARRIVAL OF GANDHIJI AND START OF NON COOPERATION
• GANDHIJI AS PEOPLE'S LEADER
• PRINCIPLES AND LEADERS INVOLVED
• ROUND TABLE CONFERENCE
• QUIT INDIA AND FLOW OF MOVEMNT
• KNOWING GANDHI

UNDERSTANDING PARTITION

• PARTITION OR HOLOCAUST
• HOW AND WHY OF PARTITION
• SITUATION DURING PARTITION
• WITHDRAWAL OF LAW AND ORDER

FRAMING THE CONSTITUTION

• NEW ERA BEGINS
• SUPPORTERS AND DOMINANT VOICES
• COMMITTIES AND MEMBERS
• VISION OF CONSTITUION
• RIGHTS AND POWERS
• STRUCTURE AND PLANNING
• LANGUAGES

History

Unit 1: Themes in Indian History

Chapter 1: Bricks, Beads and Bones, The Harappan Civilization

• Beginnings and tracking
• Mohenjo-daro
• Art and Architecture
• Craft Production
• Procuring material
• seals scripts and weights
• Religious belief
• Discovering Civilization
• Problems of findings

Chapter 2: Kings, Farmers and Towns, early States and towns

• Earliest States
• Earlier Empires
• New notions of kinship
• Changing countryside
• Towns and trades
• inscriptions
• limitations

Chapter 3: Kingship, Castes and Class early societies 600BC-600AD

• Critical edition of Mahabharata
• Marriage and other relationships
• Social differences
• Beyond birth
• Social differences

Chapter 4: Thinkers, Beliefs and buildings, cultural development

• different interpretations of sacrifices
• Lord Mahavira
• Lord Buddha
• architecture
• Sculpture
• New religious traditions
• identifying traces

Unit 2: Themes in Indian History II

Chapter 1: Through that eyes of travellers

• Al biruni and his book
• Ibn Battuta's Rihla
• Francis Bernier
• Al biruni and Sanskrit Traditions
• Ibn Battuta and Indian cities
• Bernier and East
• women in society

Chapter 2: Bhakti, Sufi Traditions

• Religious beliefs and practices
• Poems and prayers
• Virashaiva cult
• Religious beliefs in North
• changes in Islamic beliefs
• Growth of Sufism
• Chishtis
• New devotional paths
• Reconstructing Histories of religious tradition

Chapter 3: Imperial capital Vijay Nagar

• The discovery of Hampi
• Rayas,Nayakas and Sultana
• Vijay naagara,a capital
• Royal centre
• Sacred Centres
• Temples and markets

Chapter 4: Peasants, Zamindars and the state

• Agricultural production
• Village community
• Women in agriculture Society
• Forests and tribes
• land revenue system

Chapter 5: kings and chronicles

• Mughal rulers
• Chronicles
• Painted image
• ideal Kingdom
• Capitals and Courts
• Imperial households
• Beyond the frontiers

Geography

Civics

Psychology

UNIT 1

Chapter 1: Variations in Psychological Attributes

• Individual Differences in Human Functioning
• Assessment of Psychological Attributes
• Intelligence and Theories of Intelligence
• Intelligence: Interplay of Nature and Nurture
• Assessment of Intelligence
• Variations of Intelligence
• Types of Intelligence Tests
• Intelligence Testing in India
• Culture and Intelligence
• Intelligence in the Indian Tradition
• Emotional Intelligence
• Aptitude : Nature and Measurement
• Creativity and Intelligence

Chapter 2 :Self and Personality

• Concept of Self
• Cognitive and Behavioural Aspects of Self
• Culture and Self
• Concept of Personality
• Major Approaches to the Study of Personality
• Assessment of Personality

UNIT 2

Chapter: 3: Meeting Life Challenges

• Stress : Nature, Types and Sources
• Effects of Stress on Psychological Functioning and Health
• Examination Anxiety
• Stress and Health
• General Adaptation Syndrome
• Stress and Immune System
• Lifestyle
• Coping with Stress (Stress Management Techniques)
• Promoting Positive Health and Well-being

UNIT 3

Chapter 4: Psychological Disorders

• Concepts of Abnormality and Psychological Disorders
• Historical Background
• Classification of Psychological Disorders
• Factors Underlying Abnormal Behaviour
• Major Psychological Disorders

Chapter 5: Therapeutic Approaches

• Nature and Process of Psychotherapy
• Type of Therapies
• Psychotherapy
• Rehabilitation of the Mentally Ill

UNIT 4

Chapter 6: Attitude and Social Cognition

• Social Behaviour
• Attitude
• Prejudice and Discrimination
• Social Cognition, Schema and Stereotypes
• Impression Formation and Explaining Behaviour of Others through Attributions
• Behaviour in the Presence of Others (Social facilitation and Social Loafing)
• Pro-social Behaviour

Chapter 7: Social Influence and Group Processes

• Group
• Influence of Group on Individual Behaviour
• Conformity, Compliance, and Obedience
• Cooperation & Competition
• Social Identity
• Intergroup Conflict : Nature and Causes
• Conflict Resolution Strategies

UNIT 5

Chapter 8: Psychology and Life

• Human-Environment Relationship
• Environmental Effects on Human Behaviour
• Promoting Pro-environmental Behaviour
• Psychology and Social Concerns

UNIT 6

Chapter 9: Developing Psychological Skills

• Developing as an Effective Psychologist : Skills and Competencies
• General Skills
• Observational Skills
• Specific Skills
• Interviewing Skills
• Counselling Skills (Empathy, Positive Regard and Authenticity)

Computer Science

Unit 1

Chapter 1: Review of Python Basics

• Structure of a Python Program
• Variables Data Types and Keywords
• Mutable and Mutable Types
• Operators Operands and Python Comments
• Input and Output (Python's Built-in Functions)
• Flow of Execution
• Strings
• Lists
• Tuples
• Dictionary
• Sorting Techniques (Bubble and Insertion Sort)

Chapter 2: Functions

• Functions and Types
• How Function Returns a Value
• Parameters and Arguments in Functions
• Scope of Variables
• Flow of Execution of Program Containing Function Call
• Recursion

Chapter 3: Using Python Libraries

• Modules in Python
• Importing Python Modules
• Namespaces in Python
• Name Resolution( Resolving Scope of a Name)
• Module Aliasing
• Member Aliasing
• Package/Library
• Locating Modules
• Standard Python Libraries
• Using Python Standard Library's Functions and Modules

Political Science