Disorder of Muscular and Skeletal System

Disorder of Muscular and Skeletal System

1.The rheumatoid arthritis:

It is diagnosed by the presence of rheumatoid factor (a type of immunoglobulin IgM).

It is the primary symptom of inflammation of synovial membrane.

If it is left untreated, then the membrane thickens and synovial fluid increases, exerting pressure that causes pain.

The membrane then starts secreting abnormal granules, called pannus, which after accumulating on the surface of the cartilage, causes its erosion.

As a result, the fibrous tissues are attached with the bones and become ossified, making the joints immovable heat treatment and physiotherapy pain and inflammation and in extreme cases, replacement of the damaged joints is recommended

2. Osteoarthritis:

It is a degenerative joint disease characterised by the degeneration of the articular cartrlage and proliferation of new bones.

Usually, affected joints are of spine, knees and hands.

3. Gouty Arthritis or Gout:

It is caused either due to excessive formation of uric acid, or inability to excrete it.

It gets deposited in joints as monosodium salt.

4. Osteomalacia and Rickets:

Osteomalacia, called rickets when it occurs in childhood.

In this disease disorder this bones contain insufficient amounts of calcium and phosphorus.

The cause of kidney disease, vitamin D deficiency, and an inherited defect.

5. Osteoporosis:

Osteoporosis is a disease in which bone loses minerals and fibres from its matrix.

Individuals taking hydrocortisone for arthritis, allergies, or other disorders are especially prone to bone loss.

6. Bursitis:

The bursae of joints often become inflamed, a condition known as bursitis.

The inflammation can be caused by a physical injury or by constant pressure to the same joint over a long period of time.

7. Dislocation:

A dislocation is a displacement of the articular surfaces of a joint; it usually involves a damage to the ligaments surrounding the joint.

Most dislocations result from falls, blows, or extreme exertion and are most often seen in the joints of the thumb, fingers, knee or shoulder.

Symptoms of dislocation include swelling, pain, and loss of motion.

8. Sprain and Strains:

A sprain is a twisting of a joint without dislocating it.

Such an injury causes damage to ligaments and also often damages tendons, muscles, blood vessels, and nerves.

Severe sprains are quite painful and require immobilization during the healing process.

In contrast to a sprain, a strain is a less severe stretching or twisting of a joint.

Muscles and tendons may be stretched and become somewhat painful, but only minor damage is done to the tissues of the joint.

9. Myasthenia gravis:

Auto immune disorder affecting neuromuscular junction leading to fatigue, weakening and paralysis of skeletal muscle.

10. Muscular dystropy:

Progressive degeneration of skeletal muscle mostly due to genetic disorder.

11. Tetany:

Rapid spasm (wild contraction) in muscle due to low Ca⁺⁺ in body fluid.