(Chapter 15: Our Industries); Types of Industries

Chapter 15

Our Industries

We get many things from nature. Like wool, cotton and iron ore in the form nature give them to us. To be able to use them, we need to change them to finish products such as furniture, wool or woolen garments, cotton garments and iron goods. The materials we need for making finished goods are called raw materials. This process of changing resources (also called raw materials) into finished product is carried out in industries.

The processing of one form of resources in another form of useful items or resource is called manufacturing. The raw material used in manufacturing maybe either in natural form or in the form needed by a particular industry.

Economic growth of any country dependent on its industries. Industrial development is possible when the country has:

• Needed technical skills.
• Needed resources.
• Supportive energy, education, health, transportation, communication and trading facilities. These are also called infrastructure.
• Enterprising people to take advantage of the facilities available and keep on adding to them.India's on the path of becoming one of the developed countries.

Industries can be categorised into 3 groups:

LargeScale Industries:-

Large scale industries employ huge machineries and specialised staffto run them. Large scale industries include iron and steel plants, textile and cloth mills, oil refineries, chemical and automobile factories.Large scale industries situated near places wherever raw material, labour and power to run machinery are easily accessible. It uses many people, many machineries and a large amount of money and works round the clock,seven days a week end throughout the year. It's very expensive to build large scale industries, but modern method of production can be more easily used in large scale industries. Therefore, better goods can be produced more cheaply. That is why large scale industries are being encouraged in India.Some of the large scale industries are.

• Steel plant in Visakhapatnam. Mukarram Rautela Jamshedpur, Durgapur etc.
• Heavy electrical goods in Bhopal, Ranchi.
• Mobile factories in Gurgaon, Pune, Chennai
• Ship buildings in Visakhapatnam, kotian, Mumbai.
• Oil refineries in Assam, Mathura, Gujarat, Bihar.
• Regarded as a leader in making computer softwareBengaluru, Chennai and Hyderabad are major software producing centre.

SmallScale Industries

These are run with the help of few workers and machines. Such factories orindustries use simple machinery to making things such as utensils, soaps,  biscuits,

readymade garments and plastic items. They do not employ a large number of people, less money and may have lesser number of working hours and

days.

Cottage Industries

They're very small manufacturing units normally run from one's home. Few people are required to run them. Raw materials are obtained from nearby market, and simple machines are used. Generally, these are home based, family owned and workers maybe family members. Working hours are irregular and people attend to other responsibilities as well. Weaving of handlooms, oil extraction, grinding flour, making pickles and papads, toys are some of the popular cottage industry.

Sources of raw material.

According to sources of raw, material industries are classified as.

Agro based industries

Textile industries include cotton textile, woven textile sales and now synthetic fibre textile. It has large scale industries, power looms and handlooms as well. It is the second largest employers of people next only to agriculture and farming. Maharashtra and Mumbai is the largest textile centre, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu,Karnataka are the other major centres of textile industry.

Sugar Industries, mostly situated in Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh.

Mineral based Industries

Mineral based industries are mostly large scale industries. These are generally located near the source of their raw material. There are more than half a dozen Iron and steel industries. These are in the states of Jharkhand, West Bengal, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. There are more than 100 minerals obtained in India out of which about 30 are profitable to work on. Therefore there are as many industries working on them.