3. Separation of Mixtures

WHAT IS SOLUTION?

A solution is a homogenous mixture of two or more substances. E.g.  Nimboo pani, Soda water. A solution has a solvent and a solute as its components. 
Solvent: The component of the solution that dissolves the other component in it is called the solvent.
Solute: The component of the solution that is dissolved is called the solute. in the solvent
Alloys: They are the mixtures of two or more metal or a metal and a non-metal and cannot be separated into their components by physical methods.

Properties of a Solution

•    A Solution is a Homogeneous mixture.
•    The particles of a solution are smaller than 1nm (10^-9 Metre) in Diameter. They cannot bean by Naked eyes.
•    They are of very Small Particle Size, so they do not scatter a beam of lighting passing through the solution.
•    The Solute Particles Cannot be separated from the mixture by the process of filtration.
Concentration of a solution

•    Saturated solution: Depending upon the amount of solute present in a solution, it can be called a dilute, concentrated or a saturated solution. 
•    Unsaturated solution: If the amount of solute contained in a solution is less than the saturation level, it is called an unsaturated solution.
•    Solubility: The amount of the solute present in the saturated solution at this temperature is called its solubility. 
•    The concentration of a solution is the amount of solute present in a given amount (mass or volume) of solution, or the amount of solute dissolved in a given mass or volume of solvent.
•    Concentration of solution = Amount of solute / Amount of solution
                                            Or
Amount of solute / Amount of solvent

Ways of expressing the concentration of a solution

•    Mass by mass percentage of a solution

Mass of solute / Mass of solution x100
•    Mass by volume percentage of a solution

Mass of solute / Volume of solution x100