CONGRUENCE OF TRIANGLES
    Two triangles are congruent if pairs of corresponding sides and corresponding angles are congruent.

We can superimpose   so as to cover it exactly. 
During superimposing, side AB falls on side PQ, BC falls on side QR and AC falls on PR. Vertex A falls on P, B falls on Q and C fall on R. If two triangles are congruent then corresponding parts (i.e. angles and  sides) that match one another are equal. Thus, in these two congruent triangles, we have;