Arshia
Beginning of Farming and Herding
Around 1200 years ago when they environment began to change, people started learning about growing crops, the seasons in which they ripe, the process of growing them.
The earliest crops grown by them were wheat ,rice ,barley. Men ,women children all got involved in collecting them and they studied how they can grow crops and when they get ripe. This is how they became farmers.
People learned to tame animals by leaving some food in front of their shelters. The first animal to be tamed was the wild ancestor of dog.
Animals such as sheep , goat, cattle and even pig lived in herds and ate grass People protected animals from wild animals and this is how they became herders.
Around 12,000 years ago the process of domestication began .The process of domestication was a gradual process . You will be amazed to know that the plants that we eat today the crops that we eat today and the animals that we keep as pet in our homes are the results of domestication itself. The earliest animals to be domesticated were sheep and goat while the earliest known plants to be domesticated were barley and wheat.
Domestication is a process in which people grow crops and look after animals. People normally selected plants that could yield good quality grain. Among animals the gentle ones were selected for breeding. This is the reason that domesticated animals and plants seemed different from wild animals and wild plants.For example the teeth and horns of the wild animals were very large and sharp from the domesticated ones.
A new way of life
Some plants took years to grow. People had to take ut most care to look after the plants which included watering, weeding ,driving away the animals and birds which can destroy the crops.
Grains grown were used in many ways like seeds ,fod ,as gifts and, after that for storing .People used to store these grains in clay pots or in woven basket and sometimes they dig pits into the ground to store the grains for longer time.
Animals which were tamed properly provided people with milk and sometimes meat. Animals were good source of food for the people at those times.
Archaeologists have excavated huts and houses in some areas .They have also found pit houses with steps under the ground . They believe that these pit houses must have protected people from cold weather at that time. Archaeologists have also found cooking hearths. They believe that the people used these cooking hearths for cooking .These cooking hearths were found both inside and outside the pit houses. Depending on the weather people must have cooked wherever they wanted.
Motors and pestles were used at those times. Motors and pestles were used for grinding grains .people also used earthern pots for storing grains, rice ,lentils which are an important source of diet today .These earthen pots were also found in decorated forms.
People started weaving clothes for themselves.They started going cotton and used it as material for making clothes .This is how the lives of people people changed from hunters and gatherers to farmers and herders to domesticators to weavers. In some places people lead the lives of hunters and gatherers for many years.
