5. India-Pakistan Conflicts

INDIA-PAKISTAN CONFLICTS

• Fate of Kashmir
  • War of 1947-49 and 1965 failed to settle the conflict over the fate of Kashmir.
    • War of 1947-48 resulted in division of province occupied by Kashmir and the Indian province of Jammu and Kashmir by the Line of Control.
    • War of 1971 was won by India but the Kashmir issue was still not settled.
• Strategic Issues
  • Control over Siachen glacier
  • Acquisition of arms
    • India tested its 1^st weapon nuclear explosion in Pokaran.
    • Pakistan in return conducted its nuclear tests in Chagai Hills.
  • Both have built a military relationship where possibility of a direct and full-scale war has declined.
• Suspicious Government
  • Both the country’s government doubt on each other.
  • Terrorist Activity
    • Indian Government blames Pakistan for helping Kashmir militants to carry out terrorist strikes against India.
    • Indian Government also believes that Pakistan had aided the pro-Khalistani militants with ammunitions during the period of 1985-1995.
    • Pakistan’s spy agency Inter Services Intelligence (ISI), has also been accused for being involved in anti-India campaigns in northeast part of India.
    • In return Pakistan blames Indian Government to promote trouble in the provinces of Sindh and Baluchistan.
• River Water Disputes
  • Till 1960, there was argument regarding the use of the rivers of the Indus basin.
  • In 1960, Indus Water Treaty was signed between the two countries with the help of World Bank.
  • But despite of the treaty signed both the countries are not in demarcation line in Sir Creek in the Rann of Kutch.
  • India and Pakistan are holding negotiations on all the issues.