where does photosynthesis occur?

Photosynthesis occur

In higher plants chloroplast is semiautonomous, endosymbiont with three membrane system. It is made up of three main parts: Envelope, Matrix and Thylakoid.

Envelope: It is made up of outer membrane ±porins, inner membrane, in between outer and inner membrane is the periplastidal space.

Semi fluid matrix known as stroma, which contain double stranded circular DNA, 70S ribosome,

Carboxylation enzyme RUBISCO, and PEP carboxylase enzyme Mg, Cl, Mn etc.

Thylakoid is membrane lined flattened sac like structure unite to form Grana.

Each thylakoid in grana is known as grana thylakoid, inside it contains the lumen for photolysis of water with the help of Mg, Mn, Cl, Ca and number of electron carriers.

Each grana interconnected with stroma lamellae. Inside it contains space known as fret channel.

Thylakoid membrane possesses 200 to 400 pigment molecule associated with certain protein known as CAB together known as quantosomes or light harvesting complex.

Thylakoid membrane also possess F0 -F1 particle or coupling factor and number of electron carriers arranged based on their redox potential