Eukaryotic cells

1. Cellulosic cell wall (Plants) or absent (Animals)

2. A eukaryotic cell is a double membrane system.

3. Cell membrane lacks respiratory enzymes.

4. Mesosomes are absent.

5. Cytoplasm contains membrane bound organelles, (endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, golgi apparatus, lysosomes and centrosome.

6. Ribosomes are 80 S, may lie free or bound to E.R. and nuclear envelope. (70 S ribosomes are found within mitochondria and chloroplast)

7. Cytoplasm shows streaming movements (cyclosis).

8. Photosynthetic lamellae if present, occur within

9. the chloroplasts.

10. Sap vacuoles are common.

11. Transcription and translation occur in nucleus and cytoplasm respectively.

12. Protein synthesis occurs in the cytoplasm,

13. mitochondria and plastids.

14. Cytoskeleton (microtubule, microfilament and

15. intermediate filaments) present.

16. Nuclear material is enclosed by nuclear envelope to form a nucleus distinct from cytoplasm.

17. One or more nucleoli occur within the nucleus.

18. Nuclear DNA is linear with a histone protein core.

19. DNA occurs in the nucleus as well as in mitochondria and chloroplasts.

20. There are no plasmids and pili in eukaryotic cells.

21. Flagella, if present, are complex, have 9 + 2 pattern of microtubules formed of a protein tubulin.

22.Mitotic spindle is formed in cell division.

23. Sexual reproduction occurs.

e.g., Algae other than blue-green algae, protists, fungi, plants and animals.