Social Changes in the cities


In the eighteenth century, the family had been a unit of production and consumption and political     decision-making. Families were completely transformed in the industrial city.
Ties between members of household loosened, institution of   marriage broke women of the upper and middle classes in Britain, faced isolation, their lives were made easier by domestic maids who cooked cleaned and cared for young children on low wages.
Women who worked for wages had some control over their lives, social reforms felt that the family as an institution had broken down.
    
Men, Women and family in the city
The city encouraged individualism among both men and women, and    a freedom from the collective values Women lost their industrial jobs and conservative people railed against their presence in public spaces, women were forced to withdraw into their homes. The public space became increasingly a male preserve, and the dometic sphere was seen as the proper place for women. Most political movements such as Chartism mobilised large numbers of men.Chartism is a movement demanding vote for all adult males  Only gradually did women come to participate in political movements for suffrage that demanded the right to vote for women or for married women's rights to property
By the twentieth century women were employed in large numbers to meet war demands. The family now consisted of much smaller units.
The new industrial city provided opportunities for mass work, it also raised the problem of mass leisure on Sunday and other common holidays.
    
Leisure and consumption
For wealthy Britishers, there had long been an annual 'London season'. Culture events, such as the opera, the theatre and classical music performances were organized working classes met in pubs to have a drink, exchange news and sometimes also to organize for political action.
New type entertainment for the common people came into being libraries; art galleries and museums were established in to provide people with a sense of history and pride in the achievements of the British. At first, visitors to the British museum in London numbered just about 15000 every year, but when entry was made free their number jumped.
British industrial workers were increasingly encouraged to spend their holidays by the sea, so as to derive the benefits of the sun and winds.

 

Politics in the City
In the severe winter of 1886, when outdoor work came to a standstill, the London poor exploded in a riot, shopkeepers closed down their establishments, fearing the 10000 strong crowds that were marching from Deptford to London. The marchers had to be dispersed by the police. A similar riot occurred in the late 1887; it was brutally suppressed by the police in what came to be known as the Bloody Sunday of November 1887.
In 1889 thousands of London's dockworkers went on strike the 12 day strike was called to gain recognition for the dockworkers union.
Large masses of people were be drawn into political causes in large city population was a threat and an opportunity. State authorities tried to reduce the possibility of rebellion and enhance urban development.

Illustration 6
    What was done to persuade people to leave London and live in garden suburbs?
Solution
    The London underground railway was built to persuade people to leave London and live in garden suburbs. It carried large masses of people to and from the city.
    
Illustration 7
    Why were women forced to withdraw into their homes?
Solution
    Women were forced to withdraw into their homes because they had lost their industrial jobs and conservative people rallied against their presence in public spaces.
    
Illustration 8
     What were the ‘Chartism’ and the ‘10-hour’ movements? 
Solution
    (i)     The Chartism Movement. demanded the vote for all adult males.
    (ii)     The 10 hour Movement. demanded limited hours of work in factories.
    
Illustration 9
    By what had the urban family been transformed by the twentieth century?
Solution    
    By the twentieth century urban family had been transformed partly by the experience of the valuable wartime work done by women who were employed in large numbers to meet war demands.
    
Illustration 10
    When and why did pleasure gardens come?
Solution
    Pleasure gardens came in the nineteenth century to provide facilities for sports, entertainment and refreshments for the well - to - do.
    
Try your self :
3.    Why were libraries  and museuns established? 
4.    What is chartism?
5.    Why did London poor riot? 

Social Changes in the cities


In the eighteenth century, the family had been a unit of production and consumption and political     decision-making. Families were completely transformed in the industrial city.
Ties between members of household loosened, institution of   marriage broke women of the upper and middle classes in Britain, faced isolation, their lives were made easier by domestic maids who cooked cleaned and cared for young children on low wages.
Women who worked for wages had some control over their lives, social reforms felt that the family as an institution had broken down.
    
Men, Women and family in the city
The city encouraged individualism among both men and women, and    a freedom from the collective values Women lost their industrial jobs and conservative people railed against their presence in public spaces, women were forced to withdraw into their homes. The public space became increasingly a male preserve, and the dometic sphere was seen as the proper place for women. Most political movements such as Chartism mobilised large numbers of men.Chartism is a movement demanding vote for all adult males  Only gradually did women come to participate in political movements for suffrage that demanded the right to vote for women or for married women's rights to property
By the twentieth century women were employed in large numbers to meet war demands. The family now consisted of much smaller units.
The new industrial city provided opportunities for mass work, it also raised the problem of mass leisure on Sunday and other common holidays.
    
Leisure and consumption
For wealthy Britishers, there had long been an annual 'London season'. Culture events, such as the opera, the theatre and classical music performances were organized working classes met in pubs to have a drink, exchange news and sometimes also to organize for political action.
New type entertainment for the common people came into being libraries; art galleries and museums were established in to provide people with a sense of history and pride in the achievements of the British. At first, visitors to the British museum in London numbered just about 15000 every year, but when entry was made free their number jumped.
British industrial workers were increasingly encouraged to spend their holidays by the sea, so as to derive the benefits of the sun and winds.

 

Politics in the City
In the severe winter of 1886, when outdoor work came to a standstill, the London poor exploded in a riot, shopkeepers closed down their establishments, fearing the 10000 strong crowds that were marching from Deptford to London. The marchers had to be dispersed by the police. A similar riot occurred in the late 1887; it was brutally suppressed by the police in what came to be known as the Bloody Sunday of November 1887.
In 1889 thousands of London's dockworkers went on strike the 12 day strike was called to gain recognition for the dockworkers union.
Large masses of people were be drawn into political causes in large city population was a threat and an opportunity. State authorities tried to reduce the possibility of rebellion and enhance urban development.

Illustration 6
    What was done to persuade people to leave London and live in garden suburbs?
Solution
    The London underground railway was built to persuade people to leave London and live in garden suburbs. It carried large masses of people to and from the city.
    
Illustration 7
    Why were women forced to withdraw into their homes?
Solution
    Women were forced to withdraw into their homes because they had lost their industrial jobs and conservative people rallied against their presence in public spaces.
    
Illustration 8
     What were the ‘Chartism’ and the ‘10-hour’ movements? 
Solution
    (i)     The Chartism Movement. demanded the vote for all adult males.
    (ii)     The 10 hour Movement. demanded limited hours of work in factories.
    
Illustration 9
    By what had the urban family been transformed by the twentieth century?
Solution    
    By the twentieth century urban family had been transformed partly by the experience of the valuable wartime work done by women who were employed in large numbers to meet war demands.
    
Illustration 10
    When and why did pleasure gardens come?
Solution
    Pleasure gardens came in the nineteenth century to provide facilities for sports, entertainment and refreshments for the well - to - do.
    
Try your self :
3.    Why were libraries  and museuns established? 
4.    What is chartism?
5.    Why did London poor riot? 

Social Changes in the cities


In the eighteenth century, the family had been a unit of production and consumption and political     decision-making. Families were completely transformed in the industrial city.
Ties between members of household loosened, institution of   marriage broke women of the upper and middle classes in Britain, faced isolation, their lives were made easier by domestic maids who cooked cleaned and cared for young children on low wages.
Women who worked for wages had some control over their lives, social reforms felt that the family as an institution had broken down.
    
Men, Women and family in the city
The city encouraged individualism among both men and women, and    a freedom from the collective values Women lost their industrial jobs and conservative people railed against their presence in public spaces, women were forced to withdraw into their homes. The public space became increasingly a male preserve, and the dometic sphere was seen as the proper place for women. Most political movements such as Chartism mobilised large numbers of men.Chartism is a movement demanding vote for all adult males  Only gradually did women come to participate in political movements for suffrage that demanded the right to vote for women or for married women's rights to property
By the twentieth century women were employed in large numbers to meet war demands. The family now consisted of much smaller units.
The new industrial city provided opportunities for mass work, it also raised the problem of mass leisure on Sunday and other common holidays.
    
Leisure and consumption
For wealthy Britishers, there had long been an annual 'London season'. Culture events, such as the opera, the theatre and classical music performances were organized working classes met in pubs to have a drink, exchange news and sometimes also to organize for political action.
New type entertainment for the common people came into being libraries; art galleries and museums were established in to provide people with a sense of history and pride in the achievements of the British. At first, visitors to the British museum in London numbered just about 15000 every year, but when entry was made free their number jumped.
British industrial workers were increasingly encouraged to spend their holidays by the sea, so as to derive the benefits of the sun and winds.

 

Politics in the City
In the severe winter of 1886, when outdoor work came to a standstill, the London poor exploded in a riot, shopkeepers closed down their establishments, fearing the 10000 strong crowds that were marching from Deptford to London. The marchers had to be dispersed by the police. A similar riot occurred in the late 1887; it was brutally suppressed by the police in what came to be known as the Bloody Sunday of November 1887.
In 1889 thousands of London's dockworkers went on strike the 12 day strike was called to gain recognition for the dockworkers union.
Large masses of people were be drawn into political causes in large city population was a threat and an opportunity. State authorities tried to reduce the possibility of rebellion and enhance urban development.

Illustration 6
    What was done to persuade people to leave London and live in garden suburbs?
Solution
    The London underground railway was built to persuade people to leave London and live in garden suburbs. It carried large masses of people to and from the city.
    
Illustration 7
    Why were women forced to withdraw into their homes?
Solution
    Women were forced to withdraw into their homes because they had lost their industrial jobs and conservative people rallied against their presence in public spaces.
    
Illustration 8
     What were the ‘Chartism’ and the ‘10-hour’ movements? 
Solution
    (i)     The Chartism Movement. demanded the vote for all adult males.
    (ii)     The 10 hour Movement. demanded limited hours of work in factories.
    
Illustration 9
    By what had the urban family been transformed by the twentieth century?
Solution    
    By the twentieth century urban family had been transformed partly by the experience of the valuable wartime work done by women who were employed in large numbers to meet war demands.
    
Illustration 10
    When and why did pleasure gardens come?
Solution
    Pleasure gardens came in the nineteenth century to provide facilities for sports, entertainment and refreshments for the well - to - do.
    
Try your self :
3.    Why were libraries  and museuns established? 
4.    What is chartism?
5.    Why did London poor riot? 

Social Changes in the cities


In the eighteenth century, the family had been a unit of production and consumption and political     decision-making. Families were completely transformed in the industrial city.
Ties between members of household loosened, institution of   marriage broke women of the upper and middle classes in Britain, faced isolation, their lives were made easier by domestic maids who cooked cleaned and cared for young children on low wages.
Women who worked for wages had some control over their lives, social reforms felt that the family as an institution had broken down.
    
Men, Women and family in the city
The city encouraged individualism among both men and women, and    a freedom from the collective values Women lost their industrial jobs and conservative people railed against their presence in public spaces, women were forced to withdraw into their homes. The public space became increasingly a male preserve, and the dometic sphere was seen as the proper place for women. Most political movements such as Chartism mobilised large numbers of men.Chartism is a movement demanding vote for all adult males  Only gradually did women come to participate in political movements for suffrage that demanded the right to vote for women or for married women's rights to property
By the twentieth century women were employed in large numbers to meet war demands. The family now consisted of much smaller units.
The new industrial city provided opportunities for mass work, it also raised the problem of mass leisure on Sunday and other common holidays.
    
Leisure and consumption
For wealthy Britishers, there had long been an annual 'London season'. Culture events, such as the opera, the theatre and classical music performances were organized working classes met in pubs to have a drink, exchange news and sometimes also to organize for political action.
New type entertainment for the common people came into being libraries; art galleries and museums were established in to provide people with a sense of history and pride in the achievements of the British. At first, visitors to the British museum in London numbered just about 15000 every year, but when entry was made free their number jumped.
British industrial workers were increasingly encouraged to spend their holidays by the sea, so as to derive the benefits of the sun and winds.

 

Politics in the City
In the severe winter of 1886, when outdoor work came to a standstill, the London poor exploded in a riot, shopkeepers closed down their establishments, fearing the 10000 strong crowds that were marching from Deptford to London. The marchers had to be dispersed by the police. A similar riot occurred in the late 1887; it was brutally suppressed by the police in what came to be known as the Bloody Sunday of November 1887.
In 1889 thousands of London's dockworkers went on strike the 12 day strike was called to gain recognition for the dockworkers union.
Large masses of people were be drawn into political causes in large city population was a threat and an opportunity. State authorities tried to reduce the possibility of rebellion and enhance urban development.

Illustration 6
    What was done to persuade people to leave London and live in garden suburbs?
Solution
    The London underground railway was built to persuade people to leave London and live in garden suburbs. It carried large masses of people to and from the city.
    
Illustration 7
    Why were women forced to withdraw into their homes?
Solution
    Women were forced to withdraw into their homes because they had lost their industrial jobs and conservative people rallied against their presence in public spaces.
    
Illustration 8
     What were the ‘Chartism’ and the ‘10-hour’ movements? 
Solution
    (i)     The Chartism Movement. demanded the vote for all adult males.
    (ii)     The 10 hour Movement. demanded limited hours of work in factories.
    
Illustration 9
    By what had the urban family been transformed by the twentieth century?
Solution    
    By the twentieth century urban family had been transformed partly by the experience of the valuable wartime work done by women who were employed in large numbers to meet war demands.
    
Illustration 10
    When and why did pleasure gardens come?
Solution
    Pleasure gardens came in the nineteenth century to provide facilities for sports, entertainment and refreshments for the well - to - do.
    
Try your self :
3.    Why were libraries  and museuns established? 
4.    What is chartism?
5.    Why did London poor riot? 

Social Changes in the cities


In the eighteenth century, the family had been a unit of production and consumption and political     decision-making. Families were completely transformed in the industrial city.
Ties between members of household loosened, institution of   marriage broke women of the upper and middle classes in Britain, faced isolation, their lives were made easier by domestic maids who cooked cleaned and cared for young children on low wages.
Women who worked for wages had some control over their lives, social reforms felt that the family as an institution had broken down.
    
Men, Women and family in the city
The city encouraged individualism among both men and women, and    a freedom from the collective values Women lost their industrial jobs and conservative people railed against their presence in public spaces, women were forced to withdraw into their homes. The public space became increasingly a male preserve, and the dometic sphere was seen as the proper place for women. Most political movements such as Chartism mobilised large numbers of men.Chartism is a movement demanding vote for all adult males  Only gradually did women come to participate in political movements for suffrage that demanded the right to vote for women or for married women's rights to property
By the twentieth century women were employed in large numbers to meet war demands. The family now consisted of much smaller units.
The new industrial city provided opportunities for mass work, it also raised the problem of mass leisure on Sunday and other common holidays.
    
Leisure and consumption
For wealthy Britishers, there had long been an annual 'London season'. Culture events, such as the opera, the theatre and classical music performances were organized working classes met in pubs to have a drink, exchange news and sometimes also to organize for political action.
New type entertainment for the common people came into being libraries; art galleries and museums were established in to provide people with a sense of history and pride in the achievements of the British. At first, visitors to the British museum in London numbered just about 15000 every year, but when entry was made free their number jumped.
British industrial workers were increasingly encouraged to spend their holidays by the sea, so as to derive the benefits of the sun and winds.

 

Politics in the City
In the severe winter of 1886, when outdoor work came to a standstill, the London poor exploded in a riot, shopkeepers closed down their establishments, fearing the 10000 strong crowds that were marching from Deptford to London. The marchers had to be dispersed by the police. A similar riot occurred in the late 1887; it was brutally suppressed by the police in what came to be known as the Bloody Sunday of November 1887.
In 1889 thousands of London's dockworkers went on strike the 12 day strike was called to gain recognition for the dockworkers union.
Large masses of people were be drawn into political causes in large city population was a threat and an opportunity. State authorities tried to reduce the possibility of rebellion and enhance urban development.

Illustration 6
    What was done to persuade people to leave London and live in garden suburbs?
Solution
    The London underground railway was built to persuade people to leave London and live in garden suburbs. It carried large masses of people to and from the city.
    
Illustration 7
    Why were women forced to withdraw into their homes?
Solution
    Women were forced to withdraw into their homes because they had lost their industrial jobs and conservative people rallied against their presence in public spaces.
    
Illustration 8
     What were the ‘Chartism’ and the ‘10-hour’ movements? 
Solution
    (i)     The Chartism Movement. demanded the vote for all adult males.
    (ii)     The 10 hour Movement. demanded limited hours of work in factories.
    
Illustration 9
    By what had the urban family been transformed by the twentieth century?
Solution    
    By the twentieth century urban family had been transformed partly by the experience of the valuable wartime work done by women who were employed in large numbers to meet war demands.
    
Illustration 10
    When and why did pleasure gardens come?
Solution
    Pleasure gardens came in the nineteenth century to provide facilities for sports, entertainment and refreshments for the well - to - do.
    
Try your self :
3.    Why were libraries  and museuns established? 
4.    What is chartism?
5.    Why did London poor riot? 

Social Changes in the cities


In the eighteenth century, the family had been a unit of production and consumption and political     decision-making. Families were completely transformed in the industrial city.
Ties between members of household loosened, institution of   marriage broke women of the upper and middle classes in Britain, faced isolation, their lives were made easier by domestic maids who cooked cleaned and cared for young children on low wages.
Women who worked for wages had some control over their lives, social reforms felt that the family as an institution had broken down.
    
Men, Women and family in the city
The city encouraged individualism among both men and women, and    a freedom from the collective values Women lost their industrial jobs and conservative people railed against their presence in public spaces, women were forced to withdraw into their homes. The public space became increasingly a male preserve, and the dometic sphere was seen as the proper place for women. Most political movements such as Chartism mobilised large numbers of men.Chartism is a movement demanding vote for all adult males  Only gradually did women come to participate in political movements for suffrage that demanded the right to vote for women or for married women's rights to property
By the twentieth century women were employed in large numbers to meet war demands. The family now consisted of much smaller units.
The new industrial city provided opportunities for mass work, it also raised the problem of mass leisure on Sunday and other common holidays.
    
Leisure and consumption
For wealthy Britishers, there had long been an annual 'London season'. Culture events, such as the opera, the theatre and classical music performances were organized working classes met in pubs to have a drink, exchange news and sometimes also to organize for political action.
New type entertainment for the common people came into being libraries; art galleries and museums were established in to provide people with a sense of history and pride in the achievements of the British. At first, visitors to the British museum in London numbered just about 15000 every year, but when entry was made free their number jumped.
British industrial workers were increasingly encouraged to spend their holidays by the sea, so as to derive the benefits of the sun and winds.

 

Politics in the City
In the severe winter of 1886, when outdoor work came to a standstill, the London poor exploded in a riot, shopkeepers closed down their establishments, fearing the 10000 strong crowds that were marching from Deptford to London. The marchers had to be dispersed by the police. A similar riot occurred in the late 1887; it was brutally suppressed by the police in what came to be known as the Bloody Sunday of November 1887.
In 1889 thousands of London's dockworkers went on strike the 12 day strike was called to gain recognition for the dockworkers union.
Large masses of people were be drawn into political causes in large city population was a threat and an opportunity. State authorities tried to reduce the possibility of rebellion and enhance urban development.

Illustration 6
    What was done to persuade people to leave London and live in garden suburbs?
Solution
    The London underground railway was built to persuade people to leave London and live in garden suburbs. It carried large masses of people to and from the city.
    
Illustration 7
    Why were women forced to withdraw into their homes?
Solution
    Women were forced to withdraw into their homes because they had lost their industrial jobs and conservative people rallied against their presence in public spaces.
    
Illustration 8
     What were the ‘Chartism’ and the ‘10-hour’ movements? 
Solution
    (i)     The Chartism Movement. demanded the vote for all adult males.
    (ii)     The 10 hour Movement. demanded limited hours of work in factories.
    
Illustration 9
    By what had the urban family been transformed by the twentieth century?
Solution    
    By the twentieth century urban family had been transformed partly by the experience of the valuable wartime work done by women who were employed in large numbers to meet war demands.
    
Illustration 10
    When and why did pleasure gardens come?
Solution
    Pleasure gardens came in the nineteenth century to provide facilities for sports, entertainment and refreshments for the well - to - do.
    
Try your self :
3.    Why were libraries  and museuns established? 
4.    What is chartism?
5.    Why did London poor riot? 

Social Changes in the cities


In the eighteenth century, the family had been a unit of production and consumption and political     decision-making. Families were completely transformed in the industrial city.
Ties between members of household loosened, institution of   marriage broke women of the upper and middle classes in Britain, faced isolation, their lives were made easier by domestic maids who cooked cleaned and cared for young children on low wages.
Women who worked for wages had some control over their lives, social reforms felt that the family as an institution had broken down.
    
Men, Women and family in the city
The city encouraged individualism among both men and women, and    a freedom from the collective values Women lost their industrial jobs and conservative people railed against their presence in public spaces, women were forced to withdraw into their homes. The public space became increasingly a male preserve, and the dometic sphere was seen as the proper place for women. Most political movements such as Chartism mobilised large numbers of men.Chartism is a movement demanding vote for all adult males  Only gradually did women come to participate in political movements for suffrage that demanded the right to vote for women or for married women's rights to property
By the twentieth century women were employed in large numbers to meet war demands. The family now consisted of much smaller units.
The new industrial city provided opportunities for mass work, it also raised the problem of mass leisure on Sunday and other common holidays.
    
Leisure and consumption
For wealthy Britishers, there had long been an annual 'London season'. Culture events, such as the opera, the theatre and classical music performances were organized working classes met in pubs to have a drink, exchange news and sometimes also to organize for political action.
New type entertainment for the common people came into being libraries; art galleries and museums were established in to provide people with a sense of history and pride in the achievements of the British. At first, visitors to the British museum in London numbered just about 15000 every year, but when entry was made free their number jumped.
British industrial workers were increasingly encouraged to spend their holidays by the sea, so as to derive the benefits of the sun and winds.

 

Politics in the City
In the severe winter of 1886, when outdoor work came to a standstill, the London poor exploded in a riot, shopkeepers closed down their establishments, fearing the 10000 strong crowds that were marching from Deptford to London. The marchers had to be dispersed by the police. A similar riot occurred in the late 1887; it was brutally suppressed by the police in what came to be known as the Bloody Sunday of November 1887.
In 1889 thousands of London's dockworkers went on strike the 12 day strike was called to gain recognition for the dockworkers union.
Large masses of people were be drawn into political causes in large city population was a threat and an opportunity. State authorities tried to reduce the possibility of rebellion and enhance urban development.

Illustration 6
    What was done to persuade people to leave London and live in garden suburbs?
Solution
    The London underground railway was built to persuade people to leave London and live in garden suburbs. It carried large masses of people to and from the city.
    
Illustration 7
    Why were women forced to withdraw into their homes?
Solution
    Women were forced to withdraw into their homes because they had lost their industrial jobs and conservative people rallied against their presence in public spaces.
    
Illustration 8
     What were the ‘Chartism’ and the ‘10-hour’ movements? 
Solution
    (i)     The Chartism Movement. demanded the vote for all adult males.
    (ii)     The 10 hour Movement. demanded limited hours of work in factories.
    
Illustration 9
    By what had the urban family been transformed by the twentieth century?
Solution    
    By the twentieth century urban family had been transformed partly by the experience of the valuable wartime work done by women who were employed in large numbers to meet war demands.
    
Illustration 10
    When and why did pleasure gardens come?
Solution
    Pleasure gardens came in the nineteenth century to provide facilities for sports, entertainment and refreshments for the well - to - do.
    
Try your self :
3.    Why were libraries  and museuns established? 
4.    What is chartism?
5.    Why did London poor riot?