INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION 
    Air pollution
    ·    Although industries contribute significantly to India’s economic growth and development, the increase in pollution of land, water, air, noise and resulting degradation of environment that they have caused, cannot be overlooked.
    ·    Air Pollution is caused by the presents of high proportion of undesirable gases, such as sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide.
    ·    Air-borne particulate materials contain both solid and liquid particles like dust, sprays mist and smoke..
    ·    Smoke is emitted by chemical and paper factories, brick kilns, refineries and plants, and burning of fossil fuels in big and small factories that ignore pollution norms. Toxis gs leaks can be very hazardous with long terms effects.
    ·    Air pollution adversely affects human health, animals, plants, buildings and the atmosphere as a whole.

    Water Pollution is caused by organic and inorganic industrial wastes and affulents discharged into rivers.
    ·    The main culprits in this regard are paper, pulp, chemical, textile, and dyeing, petroleum refineries, tanneries and electro planting industries that let out dyes. Detergents, acids, salts and heavy metals like lead and mercury pesticides, fertilizers, synthetic chemicals with carbon, plastics and rubber, etc. into the water bodies.
    ·    Fly ash. Phospo- gypsum and iron and steel slags are the major solid wastes in India

    Thermal pollution of water occurs when hot water from factories and thermal plants is drained into rivers and ponds before cooling.
    Nuclear Pollution
    ·    Wastes from nuclear plants, nuclear and weapon production facilities causes cancers, birth defects and miscarriages:
    ·    Soil and water pollution are closely related. Dumping of wastes specially glass, harmful chemicals, industrial effluents, packaging, salts and garbage renders the soil useless.
    ·    Rain water percolates to the soil carrying the pollutants to the ground and the ground water also gets contaminated.

    Noise pollution not only results in irritation and anger, it can also cause hearing impairment, increased heart rate and blood pressure among other physiological effects.
    ·    Unwanted sound is an irritant and a source of stress. Industrial and construction activities, machinery, factory equipment , generators, saws and pneumatic and electric drill also make a lot of noise.

Control of Environmental Degradation
    ·    Every litre of waste water discharged by our industry pollutes eight times the quantity of freshwater.
        (a)     How can the industrial pollution of fresh water be reduced ?
            (i)    minimizing use water for processing by reusing and recycling it in two or more successive stages
            (ii)    harvesting of rain water to meet water requirements.
            (iii)     treating hot water and effluents before releasing them in rivers and ponds. Treatment of industrial effluents can be done in three phases.
                (a)     Primary treatment by mechanical  means. This involves screening, grinding, flocculation and sedimentation.
                (b)     Secondary treatment by biological process
                (c)     Tertiary treatment by biological, chemical and physical processes. This involves recycling of waste water.
         (b)    Overdrawing of ground water reserves by industry where there is a threat to ground water resources also needs to be regulated legally.

  • Particulate matter in the air can be reduced by fitting smoke stacks to factories with electrostatic precipitators. Fabric filters, scrubbers and inertial separators.
  • Smoke can be reduced by using oil or gas instead of coal in factories.
  • Machinery and equipment can be used and generators should be fitted with silencers.
  • Almost all machinery can be redesigned to increase energy efficiency and reduce noise. Noise absorbing materials may be used apart from personal use of earplug and earphones. 

    NTPC
    ·    NTPC is a major power providing corporation in India. It has ISO certification of EMS (Environment Management System) 14001.
    ·    The corporation has a pro-active approach for preserving the natural environment and resources like water, oil and gas and fuels in places where it is setting up power plants.
    ·    This has been possible through-
        (a)     Optimum utilisation of equipment adopting latest techniques and upgrading existing equipment.
        (b)    Minimizing waste generation by maximizing ash utilization.
        (c)    Providing green belts for nurturing ecological balance and addressing  the question of special purpose vehicles for afforestation
        (d)     Reducing environmental pollution through ash pond management, ash water recycling system and liquid waste management.
        (e)     Ecological monitoring, reviews and online database management for all its power stations.

 

Illustration 5
    (i)      What as the biggest drawback of Industrial development ?
    (ii)    What do you mean by B.P.O.?
    (iii)     What are the merits of  Software technology Parks ?
    (iv)     In which type of pollution you will place Bhopal Gas Tragedy ?
    (v)     Which are the major solid wastes in India ?

Solution
    (i)     It has led to increase in pollution of land water air, noise and has led to environmental degradation.
    (ii)     It means Business Processes Outsourcing under which some processes of business are done in other countries where they are cheaper.
    (iii)     They provide a single window service and high data communication facility to software exports.
    (iv)     Air Pollution
    (v)     Fly ash, photo- gypsum and iron and steel slogs are the major solid wastes in India.

    Try yourself
22.    Which kind of pollution causes cancers, birth defects and miscarriage ?
23.    How rain fall pollutes the ground and the ground water ?
24.    Which health problems can be caused by noise pollution ?
25.    What is the primary treatment of water pollution ?
26.    How secondary treatment of water pollution is done

INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION 
    Air pollution
    ·    Although industries contribute significantly to India’s economic growth and development, the increase in pollution of land, water, air, noise and resulting degradation of environment that they have caused, cannot be overlooked.
    ·    Air Pollution is caused by the presents of high proportion of undesirable gases, such as sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide.
    ·    Air-borne particulate materials contain both solid and liquid particles like dust, sprays mist and smoke..
    ·    Smoke is emitted by chemical and paper factories, brick kilns, refineries and plants, and burning of fossil fuels in big and small factories that ignore pollution norms. Toxis gs leaks can be very hazardous with long terms effects.
    ·    Air pollution adversely affects human health, animals, plants, buildings and the atmosphere as a whole.

    Water Pollution is caused by organic and inorganic industrial wastes and affulents discharged into rivers.
    ·    The main culprits in this regard are paper, pulp, chemical, textile, and dyeing, petroleum refineries, tanneries and electro planting industries that let out dyes. Detergents, acids, salts and heavy metals like lead and mercury pesticides, fertilizers, synthetic chemicals with carbon, plastics and rubber, etc. into the water bodies.
    ·    Fly ash. Phospo- gypsum and iron and steel slags are the major solid wastes in India

    Thermal pollution of water occurs when hot water from factories and thermal plants is drained into rivers and ponds before cooling.
    Nuclear Pollution
    ·    Wastes from nuclear plants, nuclear and weapon production facilities causes cancers, birth defects and miscarriages:
    ·    Soil and water pollution are closely related. Dumping of wastes specially glass, harmful chemicals, industrial effluents, packaging, salts and garbage renders the soil useless.
    ·    Rain water percolates to the soil carrying the pollutants to the ground and the ground water also gets contaminated.

    Noise pollution not only results in irritation and anger, it can also cause hearing impairment, increased heart rate and blood pressure among other physiological effects.
    ·    Unwanted sound is an irritant and a source of stress. Industrial and construction activities, machinery, factory equipment , generators, saws and pneumatic and electric drill also make a lot of noise.

Control of Environmental Degradation
    ·    Every litre of waste water discharged by our industry pollutes eight times the quantity of freshwater.
        (a)     How can the industrial pollution of fresh water be reduced ?
            (i)    minimizing use water for processing by reusing and recycling it in two or more successive stages
            (ii)    harvesting of rain water to meet water requirements.
            (iii)     treating hot water and effluents before releasing them in rivers and ponds. Treatment of industrial effluents can be done in three phases.
                (a)     Primary treatment by mechanical  means. This involves screening, grinding, flocculation and sedimentation.
                (b)     Secondary treatment by biological process
                (c)     Tertiary treatment by biological, chemical and physical processes. This involves recycling of waste water.
         (b)    Overdrawing of ground water reserves by industry where there is a threat to ground water resources also needs to be regulated legally.

  • Particulate matter in the air can be reduced by fitting smoke stacks to factories with electrostatic precipitators. Fabric filters, scrubbers and inertial separators.
  • Smoke can be reduced by using oil or gas instead of coal in factories.
  • Machinery and equipment can be used and generators should be fitted with silencers.
  • Almost all machinery can be redesigned to increase energy efficiency and reduce noise. Noise absorbing materials may be used apart from personal use of earplug and earphones. 

    NTPC
    ·    NTPC is a major power providing corporation in India. It has ISO certification of EMS (Environment Management System) 14001.
    ·    The corporation has a pro-active approach for preserving the natural environment and resources like water, oil and gas and fuels in places where it is setting up power plants.
    ·    This has been possible through-
        (a)     Optimum utilisation of equipment adopting latest techniques and upgrading existing equipment.
        (b)    Minimizing waste generation by maximizing ash utilization.
        (c)    Providing green belts for nurturing ecological balance and addressing  the question of special purpose vehicles for afforestation
        (d)     Reducing environmental pollution through ash pond management, ash water recycling system and liquid waste management.
        (e)     Ecological monitoring, reviews and online database management for all its power stations.

 

Illustration 5
    (i)      What as the biggest drawback of Industrial development ?
    (ii)    What do you mean by B.P.O.?
    (iii)     What are the merits of  Software technology Parks ?
    (iv)     In which type of pollution you will place Bhopal Gas Tragedy ?
    (v)     Which are the major solid wastes in India ?

Solution
    (i)     It has led to increase in pollution of land water air, noise and has led to environmental degradation.
    (ii)     It means Business Processes Outsourcing under which some processes of business are done in other countries where they are cheaper.
    (iii)     They provide a single window service and high data communication facility to software exports.
    (iv)     Air Pollution
    (v)     Fly ash, photo- gypsum and iron and steel slogs are the major solid wastes in India.

    Try yourself
22.    Which kind of pollution causes cancers, birth defects and miscarriage ?
23.    How rain fall pollutes the ground and the ground water ?
24.    Which health problems can be caused by noise pollution ?
25.    What is the primary treatment of water pollution ?
26.    How secondary treatment of water pollution is done

INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION 
    Air pollution
    ·    Although industries contribute significantly to India’s economic growth and development, the increase in pollution of land, water, air, noise and resulting degradation of environment that they have caused, cannot be overlooked.
    ·    Air Pollution is caused by the presents of high proportion of undesirable gases, such as sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide.
    ·    Air-borne particulate materials contain both solid and liquid particles like dust, sprays mist and smoke..
    ·    Smoke is emitted by chemical and paper factories, brick kilns, refineries and plants, and burning of fossil fuels in big and small factories that ignore pollution norms. Toxis gs leaks can be very hazardous with long terms effects.
    ·    Air pollution adversely affects human health, animals, plants, buildings and the atmosphere as a whole.

    Water Pollution is caused by organic and inorganic industrial wastes and affulents discharged into rivers.
    ·    The main culprits in this regard are paper, pulp, chemical, textile, and dyeing, petroleum refineries, tanneries and electro planting industries that let out dyes. Detergents, acids, salts and heavy metals like lead and mercury pesticides, fertilizers, synthetic chemicals with carbon, plastics and rubber, etc. into the water bodies.
    ·    Fly ash. Phospo- gypsum and iron and steel slags are the major solid wastes in India

    Thermal pollution of water occurs when hot water from factories and thermal plants is drained into rivers and ponds before cooling.
    Nuclear Pollution
    ·    Wastes from nuclear plants, nuclear and weapon production facilities causes cancers, birth defects and miscarriages:
    ·    Soil and water pollution are closely related. Dumping of wastes specially glass, harmful chemicals, industrial effluents, packaging, salts and garbage renders the soil useless.
    ·    Rain water percolates to the soil carrying the pollutants to the ground and the ground water also gets contaminated.

    Noise pollution not only results in irritation and anger, it can also cause hearing impairment, increased heart rate and blood pressure among other physiological effects.
    ·    Unwanted sound is an irritant and a source of stress. Industrial and construction activities, machinery, factory equipment , generators, saws and pneumatic and electric drill also make a lot of noise.

Control of Environmental Degradation
    ·    Every litre of waste water discharged by our industry pollutes eight times the quantity of freshwater.
        (a)     How can the industrial pollution of fresh water be reduced ?
            (i)    minimizing use water for processing by reusing and recycling it in two or more successive stages
            (ii)    harvesting of rain water to meet water requirements.
            (iii)     treating hot water and effluents before releasing them in rivers and ponds. Treatment of industrial effluents can be done in three phases.
                (a)     Primary treatment by mechanical  means. This involves screening, grinding, flocculation and sedimentation.
                (b)     Secondary treatment by biological process
                (c)     Tertiary treatment by biological, chemical and physical processes. This involves recycling of waste water.
         (b)    Overdrawing of ground water reserves by industry where there is a threat to ground water resources also needs to be regulated legally.

  • Particulate matter in the air can be reduced by fitting smoke stacks to factories with electrostatic precipitators. Fabric filters, scrubbers and inertial separators.
  • Smoke can be reduced by using oil or gas instead of coal in factories.
  • Machinery and equipment can be used and generators should be fitted with silencers.
  • Almost all machinery can be redesigned to increase energy efficiency and reduce noise. Noise absorbing materials may be used apart from personal use of earplug and earphones. 

    NTPC
    ·    NTPC is a major power providing corporation in India. It has ISO certification of EMS (Environment Management System) 14001.
    ·    The corporation has a pro-active approach for preserving the natural environment and resources like water, oil and gas and fuels in places where it is setting up power plants.
    ·    This has been possible through-
        (a)     Optimum utilisation of equipment adopting latest techniques and upgrading existing equipment.
        (b)    Minimizing waste generation by maximizing ash utilization.
        (c)    Providing green belts for nurturing ecological balance and addressing  the question of special purpose vehicles for afforestation
        (d)     Reducing environmental pollution through ash pond management, ash water recycling system and liquid waste management.
        (e)     Ecological monitoring, reviews and online database management for all its power stations.

 

Illustration 5
    (i)      What as the biggest drawback of Industrial development ?
    (ii)    What do you mean by B.P.O.?
    (iii)     What are the merits of  Software technology Parks ?
    (iv)     In which type of pollution you will place Bhopal Gas Tragedy ?
    (v)     Which are the major solid wastes in India ?

Solution
    (i)     It has led to increase in pollution of land water air, noise and has led to environmental degradation.
    (ii)     It means Business Processes Outsourcing under which some processes of business are done in other countries where they are cheaper.
    (iii)     They provide a single window service and high data communication facility to software exports.
    (iv)     Air Pollution
    (v)     Fly ash, photo- gypsum and iron and steel slogs are the major solid wastes in India.

    Try yourself
22.    Which kind of pollution causes cancers, birth defects and miscarriage ?
23.    How rain fall pollutes the ground and the ground water ?
24.    Which health problems can be caused by noise pollution ?
25.    What is the primary treatment of water pollution ?
26.    How secondary treatment of water pollution is done

INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION 
    Air pollution
    ·    Although industries contribute significantly to India’s economic growth and development, the increase in pollution of land, water, air, noise and resulting degradation of environment that they have caused, cannot be overlooked.
    ·    Air Pollution is caused by the presents of high proportion of undesirable gases, such as sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide.
    ·    Air-borne particulate materials contain both solid and liquid particles like dust, sprays mist and smoke..
    ·    Smoke is emitted by chemical and paper factories, brick kilns, refineries and plants, and burning of fossil fuels in big and small factories that ignore pollution norms. Toxis gs leaks can be very hazardous with long terms effects.
    ·    Air pollution adversely affects human health, animals, plants, buildings and the atmosphere as a whole.

    Water Pollution is caused by organic and inorganic industrial wastes and affulents discharged into rivers.
    ·    The main culprits in this regard are paper, pulp, chemical, textile, and dyeing, petroleum refineries, tanneries and electro planting industries that let out dyes. Detergents, acids, salts and heavy metals like lead and mercury pesticides, fertilizers, synthetic chemicals with carbon, plastics and rubber, etc. into the water bodies.
    ·    Fly ash. Phospo- gypsum and iron and steel slags are the major solid wastes in India

    Thermal pollution of water occurs when hot water from factories and thermal plants is drained into rivers and ponds before cooling.
    Nuclear Pollution
    ·    Wastes from nuclear plants, nuclear and weapon production facilities causes cancers, birth defects and miscarriages:
    ·    Soil and water pollution are closely related. Dumping of wastes specially glass, harmful chemicals, industrial effluents, packaging, salts and garbage renders the soil useless.
    ·    Rain water percolates to the soil carrying the pollutants to the ground and the ground water also gets contaminated.

    Noise pollution not only results in irritation and anger, it can also cause hearing impairment, increased heart rate and blood pressure among other physiological effects.
    ·    Unwanted sound is an irritant and a source of stress. Industrial and construction activities, machinery, factory equipment , generators, saws and pneumatic and electric drill also make a lot of noise.

Control of Environmental Degradation
    ·    Every litre of waste water discharged by our industry pollutes eight times the quantity of freshwater.
        (a)     How can the industrial pollution of fresh water be reduced ?
            (i)    minimizing use water for processing by reusing and recycling it in two or more successive stages
            (ii)    harvesting of rain water to meet water requirements.
            (iii)     treating hot water and effluents before releasing them in rivers and ponds. Treatment of industrial effluents can be done in three phases.
                (a)     Primary treatment by mechanical  means. This involves screening, grinding, flocculation and sedimentation.
                (b)     Secondary treatment by biological process
                (c)     Tertiary treatment by biological, chemical and physical processes. This involves recycling of waste water.
         (b)    Overdrawing of ground water reserves by industry where there is a threat to ground water resources also needs to be regulated legally.

  • Particulate matter in the air can be reduced by fitting smoke stacks to factories with electrostatic precipitators. Fabric filters, scrubbers and inertial separators.
  • Smoke can be reduced by using oil or gas instead of coal in factories.
  • Machinery and equipment can be used and generators should be fitted with silencers.
  • Almost all machinery can be redesigned to increase energy efficiency and reduce noise. Noise absorbing materials may be used apart from personal use of earplug and earphones. 

    NTPC
    ·    NTPC is a major power providing corporation in India. It has ISO certification of EMS (Environment Management System) 14001.
    ·    The corporation has a pro-active approach for preserving the natural environment and resources like water, oil and gas and fuels in places where it is setting up power plants.
    ·    This has been possible through-
        (a)     Optimum utilisation of equipment adopting latest techniques and upgrading existing equipment.
        (b)    Minimizing waste generation by maximizing ash utilization.
        (c)    Providing green belts for nurturing ecological balance and addressing  the question of special purpose vehicles for afforestation
        (d)     Reducing environmental pollution through ash pond management, ash water recycling system and liquid waste management.
        (e)     Ecological monitoring, reviews and online database management for all its power stations.

 

Illustration 5
    (i)      What as the biggest drawback of Industrial development ?
    (ii)    What do you mean by B.P.O.?
    (iii)     What are the merits of  Software technology Parks ?
    (iv)     In which type of pollution you will place Bhopal Gas Tragedy ?
    (v)     Which are the major solid wastes in India ?

Solution
    (i)     It has led to increase in pollution of land water air, noise and has led to environmental degradation.
    (ii)     It means Business Processes Outsourcing under which some processes of business are done in other countries where they are cheaper.
    (iii)     They provide a single window service and high data communication facility to software exports.
    (iv)     Air Pollution
    (v)     Fly ash, photo- gypsum and iron and steel slogs are the major solid wastes in India.

    Try yourself
22.    Which kind of pollution causes cancers, birth defects and miscarriage ?
23.    How rain fall pollutes the ground and the ground water ?
24.    Which health problems can be caused by noise pollution ?
25.    What is the primary treatment of water pollution ?
26.    How secondary treatment of water pollution is done

INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION 
    Air pollution
    ·    Although industries contribute significantly to India’s economic growth and development, the increase in pollution of land, water, air, noise and resulting degradation of environment that they have caused, cannot be overlooked.
    ·    Air Pollution is caused by the presents of high proportion of undesirable gases, such as sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide.
    ·    Air-borne particulate materials contain both solid and liquid particles like dust, sprays mist and smoke..
    ·    Smoke is emitted by chemical and paper factories, brick kilns, refineries and plants, and burning of fossil fuels in big and small factories that ignore pollution norms. Toxis gs leaks can be very hazardous with long terms effects.
    ·    Air pollution adversely affects human health, animals, plants, buildings and the atmosphere as a whole.

    Water Pollution is caused by organic and inorganic industrial wastes and affulents discharged into rivers.
    ·    The main culprits in this regard are paper, pulp, chemical, textile, and dyeing, petroleum refineries, tanneries and electro planting industries that let out dyes. Detergents, acids, salts and heavy metals like lead and mercury pesticides, fertilizers, synthetic chemicals with carbon, plastics and rubber, etc. into the water bodies.
    ·    Fly ash. Phospo- gypsum and iron and steel slags are the major solid wastes in India

    Thermal pollution of water occurs when hot water from factories and thermal plants is drained into rivers and ponds before cooling.
    Nuclear Pollution
    ·    Wastes from nuclear plants, nuclear and weapon production facilities causes cancers, birth defects and miscarriages:
    ·    Soil and water pollution are closely related. Dumping of wastes specially glass, harmful chemicals, industrial effluents, packaging, salts and garbage renders the soil useless.
    ·    Rain water percolates to the soil carrying the pollutants to the ground and the ground water also gets contaminated.

    Noise pollution not only results in irritation and anger, it can also cause hearing impairment, increased heart rate and blood pressure among other physiological effects.
    ·    Unwanted sound is an irritant and a source of stress. Industrial and construction activities, machinery, factory equipment , generators, saws and pneumatic and electric drill also make a lot of noise.

Control of Environmental Degradation
    ·    Every litre of waste water discharged by our industry pollutes eight times the quantity of freshwater.
        (a)     How can the industrial pollution of fresh water be reduced ?
            (i)    minimizing use water for processing by reusing and recycling it in two or more successive stages
            (ii)    harvesting of rain water to meet water requirements.
            (iii)     treating hot water and effluents before releasing them in rivers and ponds. Treatment of industrial effluents can be done in three phases.
                (a)     Primary treatment by mechanical  means. This involves screening, grinding, flocculation and sedimentation.
                (b)     Secondary treatment by biological process
                (c)     Tertiary treatment by biological, chemical and physical processes. This involves recycling of waste water.
         (b)    Overdrawing of ground water reserves by industry where there is a threat to ground water resources also needs to be regulated legally.

  • Particulate matter in the air can be reduced by fitting smoke stacks to factories with electrostatic precipitators. Fabric filters, scrubbers and inertial separators.
  • Smoke can be reduced by using oil or gas instead of coal in factories.
  • Machinery and equipment can be used and generators should be fitted with silencers.
  • Almost all machinery can be redesigned to increase energy efficiency and reduce noise. Noise absorbing materials may be used apart from personal use of earplug and earphones. 

    NTPC
    ·    NTPC is a major power providing corporation in India. It has ISO certification of EMS (Environment Management System) 14001.
    ·    The corporation has a pro-active approach for preserving the natural environment and resources like water, oil and gas and fuels in places where it is setting up power plants.
    ·    This has been possible through-
        (a)     Optimum utilisation of equipment adopting latest techniques and upgrading existing equipment.
        (b)    Minimizing waste generation by maximizing ash utilization.
        (c)    Providing green belts for nurturing ecological balance and addressing  the question of special purpose vehicles for afforestation
        (d)     Reducing environmental pollution through ash pond management, ash water recycling system and liquid waste management.
        (e)     Ecological monitoring, reviews and online database management for all its power stations.

 

Illustration 5
    (i)      What as the biggest drawback of Industrial development ?
    (ii)    What do you mean by B.P.O.?
    (iii)     What are the merits of  Software technology Parks ?
    (iv)     In which type of pollution you will place Bhopal Gas Tragedy ?
    (v)     Which are the major solid wastes in India ?

Solution
    (i)     It has led to increase in pollution of land water air, noise and has led to environmental degradation.
    (ii)     It means Business Processes Outsourcing under which some processes of business are done in other countries where they are cheaper.
    (iii)     They provide a single window service and high data communication facility to software exports.
    (iv)     Air Pollution
    (v)     Fly ash, photo- gypsum and iron and steel slogs are the major solid wastes in India.

    Try yourself
22.    Which kind of pollution causes cancers, birth defects and miscarriage ?
23.    How rain fall pollutes the ground and the ground water ?
24.    Which health problems can be caused by noise pollution ?
25.    What is the primary treatment of water pollution ?
26.    How secondary treatment of water pollution is done

INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION 
    Air pollution
    ·    Although industries contribute significantly to India’s economic growth and development, the increase in pollution of land, water, air, noise and resulting degradation of environment that they have caused, cannot be overlooked.
    ·    Air Pollution is caused by the presents of high proportion of undesirable gases, such as sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide.
    ·    Air-borne particulate materials contain both solid and liquid particles like dust, sprays mist and smoke..
    ·    Smoke is emitted by chemical and paper factories, brick kilns, refineries and plants, and burning of fossil fuels in big and small factories that ignore pollution norms. Toxis gs leaks can be very hazardous with long terms effects.
    ·    Air pollution adversely affects human health, animals, plants, buildings and the atmosphere as a whole.

    Water Pollution is caused by organic and inorganic industrial wastes and affulents discharged into rivers.
    ·    The main culprits in this regard are paper, pulp, chemical, textile, and dyeing, petroleum refineries, tanneries and electro planting industries that let out dyes. Detergents, acids, salts and heavy metals like lead and mercury pesticides, fertilizers, synthetic chemicals with carbon, plastics and rubber, etc. into the water bodies.
    ·    Fly ash. Phospo- gypsum and iron and steel slags are the major solid wastes in India

    Thermal pollution of water occurs when hot water from factories and thermal plants is drained into rivers and ponds before cooling.
    Nuclear Pollution
    ·    Wastes from nuclear plants, nuclear and weapon production facilities causes cancers, birth defects and miscarriages:
    ·    Soil and water pollution are closely related. Dumping of wastes specially glass, harmful chemicals, industrial effluents, packaging, salts and garbage renders the soil useless.
    ·    Rain water percolates to the soil carrying the pollutants to the ground and the ground water also gets contaminated.

    Noise pollution not only results in irritation and anger, it can also cause hearing impairment, increased heart rate and blood pressure among other physiological effects.
    ·    Unwanted sound is an irritant and a source of stress. Industrial and construction activities, machinery, factory equipment , generators, saws and pneumatic and electric drill also make a lot of noise.

Control of Environmental Degradation
    ·    Every litre of waste water discharged by our industry pollutes eight times the quantity of freshwater.
        (a)     How can the industrial pollution of fresh water be reduced ?
            (i)    minimizing use water for processing by reusing and recycling it in two or more successive stages
            (ii)    harvesting of rain water to meet water requirements.
            (iii)     treating hot water and effluents before releasing them in rivers and ponds. Treatment of industrial effluents can be done in three phases.
                (a)     Primary treatment by mechanical  means. This involves screening, grinding, flocculation and sedimentation.
                (b)     Secondary treatment by biological process
                (c)     Tertiary treatment by biological, chemical and physical processes. This involves recycling of waste water.
         (b)    Overdrawing of ground water reserves by industry where there is a threat to ground water resources also needs to be regulated legally.

  • Particulate matter in the air can be reduced by fitting smoke stacks to factories with electrostatic precipitators. Fabric filters, scrubbers and inertial separators.
  • Smoke can be reduced by using oil or gas instead of coal in factories.
  • Machinery and equipment can be used and generators should be fitted with silencers.
  • Almost all machinery can be redesigned to increase energy efficiency and reduce noise. Noise absorbing materials may be used apart from personal use of earplug and earphones. 

    NTPC
    ·    NTPC is a major power providing corporation in India. It has ISO certification of EMS (Environment Management System) 14001.
    ·    The corporation has a pro-active approach for preserving the natural environment and resources like water, oil and gas and fuels in places where it is setting up power plants.
    ·    This has been possible through-
        (a)     Optimum utilisation of equipment adopting latest techniques and upgrading existing equipment.
        (b)    Minimizing waste generation by maximizing ash utilization.
        (c)    Providing green belts for nurturing ecological balance and addressing  the question of special purpose vehicles for afforestation
        (d)     Reducing environmental pollution through ash pond management, ash water recycling system and liquid waste management.
        (e)     Ecological monitoring, reviews and online database management for all its power stations.

 

Illustration 5
    (i)      What as the biggest drawback of Industrial development ?
    (ii)    What do you mean by B.P.O.?
    (iii)     What are the merits of  Software technology Parks ?
    (iv)     In which type of pollution you will place Bhopal Gas Tragedy ?
    (v)     Which are the major solid wastes in India ?

Solution
    (i)     It has led to increase in pollution of land water air, noise and has led to environmental degradation.
    (ii)     It means Business Processes Outsourcing under which some processes of business are done in other countries where they are cheaper.
    (iii)     They provide a single window service and high data communication facility to software exports.
    (iv)     Air Pollution
    (v)     Fly ash, photo- gypsum and iron and steel slogs are the major solid wastes in India.

    Try yourself
22.    Which kind of pollution causes cancers, birth defects and miscarriage ?
23.    How rain fall pollutes the ground and the ground water ?
24.    Which health problems can be caused by noise pollution ?
25.    What is the primary treatment of water pollution ?
26.    How secondary treatment of water pollution is done

INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION 
    Air pollution
    ·    Although industries contribute significantly to India’s economic growth and development, the increase in pollution of land, water, air, noise and resulting degradation of environment that they have caused, cannot be overlooked.
    ·    Air Pollution is caused by the presents of high proportion of undesirable gases, such as sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide.
    ·    Air-borne particulate materials contain both solid and liquid particles like dust, sprays mist and smoke..
    ·    Smoke is emitted by chemical and paper factories, brick kilns, refineries and plants, and burning of fossil fuels in big and small factories that ignore pollution norms. Toxis gs leaks can be very hazardous with long terms effects.
    ·    Air pollution adversely affects human health, animals, plants, buildings and the atmosphere as a whole.

    Water Pollution is caused by organic and inorganic industrial wastes and affulents discharged into rivers.
    ·    The main culprits in this regard are paper, pulp, chemical, textile, and dyeing, petroleum refineries, tanneries and electro planting industries that let out dyes. Detergents, acids, salts and heavy metals like lead and mercury pesticides, fertilizers, synthetic chemicals with carbon, plastics and rubber, etc. into the water bodies.
    ·    Fly ash. Phospo- gypsum and iron and steel slags are the major solid wastes in India

    Thermal pollution of water occurs when hot water from factories and thermal plants is drained into rivers and ponds before cooling.
    Nuclear Pollution
    ·    Wastes from nuclear plants, nuclear and weapon production facilities causes cancers, birth defects and miscarriages:
    ·    Soil and water pollution are closely related. Dumping of wastes specially glass, harmful chemicals, industrial effluents, packaging, salts and garbage renders the soil useless.
    ·    Rain water percolates to the soil carrying the pollutants to the ground and the ground water also gets contaminated.

    Noise pollution not only results in irritation and anger, it can also cause hearing impairment, increased heart rate and blood pressure among other physiological effects.
    ·    Unwanted sound is an irritant and a source of stress. Industrial and construction activities, machinery, factory equipment , generators, saws and pneumatic and electric drill also make a lot of noise.

Control of Environmental Degradation
    ·    Every litre of waste water discharged by our industry pollutes eight times the quantity of freshwater.
        (a)     How can the industrial pollution of fresh water be reduced ?
            (i)    minimizing use water for processing by reusing and recycling it in two or more successive stages
            (ii)    harvesting of rain water to meet water requirements.
            (iii)     treating hot water and effluents before releasing them in rivers and ponds. Treatment of industrial effluents can be done in three phases.
                (a)     Primary treatment by mechanical  means. This involves screening, grinding, flocculation and sedimentation.
                (b)     Secondary treatment by biological process
                (c)     Tertiary treatment by biological, chemical and physical processes. This involves recycling of waste water.
         (b)    Overdrawing of ground water reserves by industry where there is a threat to ground water resources also needs to be regulated legally.

  • Particulate matter in the air can be reduced by fitting smoke stacks to factories with electrostatic precipitators. Fabric filters, scrubbers and inertial separators.
  • Smoke can be reduced by using oil or gas instead of coal in factories.
  • Machinery and equipment can be used and generators should be fitted with silencers.
  • Almost all machinery can be redesigned to increase energy efficiency and reduce noise. Noise absorbing materials may be used apart from personal use of earplug and earphones. 

    NTPC
    ·    NTPC is a major power providing corporation in India. It has ISO certification of EMS (Environment Management System) 14001.
    ·    The corporation has a pro-active approach for preserving the natural environment and resources like water, oil and gas and fuels in places where it is setting up power plants.
    ·    This has been possible through-
        (a)     Optimum utilisation of equipment adopting latest techniques and upgrading existing equipment.
        (b)    Minimizing waste generation by maximizing ash utilization.
        (c)    Providing green belts for nurturing ecological balance and addressing  the question of special purpose vehicles for afforestation
        (d)     Reducing environmental pollution through ash pond management, ash water recycling system and liquid waste management.
        (e)     Ecological monitoring, reviews and online database management for all its power stations.

 

Illustration 5
    (i)      What as the biggest drawback of Industrial development ?
    (ii)    What do you mean by B.P.O.?
    (iii)     What are the merits of  Software technology Parks ?
    (iv)     In which type of pollution you will place Bhopal Gas Tragedy ?
    (v)     Which are the major solid wastes in India ?

Solution
    (i)     It has led to increase in pollution of land water air, noise and has led to environmental degradation.
    (ii)     It means Business Processes Outsourcing under which some processes of business are done in other countries where they are cheaper.
    (iii)     They provide a single window service and high data communication facility to software exports.
    (iv)     Air Pollution
    (v)     Fly ash, photo- gypsum and iron and steel slogs are the major solid wastes in India.

    Try yourself
22.    Which kind of pollution causes cancers, birth defects and miscarriage ?
23.    How rain fall pollutes the ground and the ground water ?
24.    Which health problems can be caused by noise pollution ?
25.    What is the primary treatment of water pollution ?
26.    How secondary treatment of water pollution is done